jolangi 2 (PDF)

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W. G.‡K.Gg. wiqvRyj nvmvb 2
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ZwiKvi g~j¨vqb Kivi cÖqvm Pvjv‡bv n‡q‡Q|
mywdev‡`i mvaviY cwiwPwZ
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cÖ‡dmi, ‡jvK cÖkvmb wefvM, XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq, XvKv|
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3
b¨vkbvj fjvw›Uqvi, Rvwbcc|
2

1

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e‡jb : Òejyb (Zv‡`i‡K) †Zvgiv hw` Avjøvn‡K fvjevm, Avgv‡K AbymiY Ki, Avjøvn †Zvgv‡`i
fvjevm‡eb|Ó (3 : 30) ; Òhviv wek¦vm K‡i, Avjøvni cÖwZ i‡q‡Q Zv‡`i AwZwi³ fvjevmv|Ó (2 : 165) ;
bex (mv.) e‡jb, Ò‡h fvjev‡m bv Zvi Cgvb †bB|Ó; Òhv‡K †m fvjev‡m, gvbyl Zvi mv‡_B Av‡Q|Ó ZvB
Avjøvni ivm~j, mvnvex, Zv‡eqx, Zv‡e-Zv‡eqxb‡`i ci ci mywd‡`i Ae¯’vb|
mywd k‡ãi DrcwË wb‡q A‡bK gZwe‡iva i‡q‡Q| Avnj-Avj-myd&dv ev Avmnve-B- myd&dv kãwU bex (mv.)Gi mgq gw`bvi gmwR` msjMœ Ae¯’vbiZ msmvi wbwj©ß e¨w³eM©‡K eySv‡Z e¨envi Kiv n‡Zv e‡j A‡b‡K g‡b
K‡ib| 4 Avevi Kv‡iv Kv‡iv g‡Z, Ômvdd AvDqvjÕ mvjv‡Z `Ûvqgvb gywgbM‡Yi cÖ_g KvZvi A‡_© kãUv
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(cweÎZv) n‡Z| Avevi A‡b‡Ki g‡Z, mvd (c`ex) n‡Z mywd k‡ãi DrcwË n‡q‡Q| Avevi Kv‡iv g‡Z, Ômy&bœvnÕ
n‡Z mywd k‡ãi DrcwË N‡U‡Q| Z‡e AwaKvs‡ki g‡Z, mywd kãwU ÔmydÕ n‡Z G‡m‡Q, hvi A_©- ckg ev
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wb‡R‡`i‡K DrmM© K‡ib| Avi wØZxq avivi mywdMY wewfbœ Af¨šÍixY I ewntkw³i cÖfv‡e cÖ_‡gv³ fveavivi
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(Orthodox) gZvbyhvqx Bmjvg ‡_‡KB mywdev‡`i DrcwË N‡U‡Q| cÖ_gw`‡K †KejgvÎ Bw›`ªq msh‡gi Dci
wfwË K‡i mywdev` MwVZ nq| Ab¨vb¨‡`i g‡Z, wnRix wØZxq kZvãxi ci ‡_‡K wLªó, †eŠ×, Zvwš¿K, ‰Rb, be¨†cø‡Uvev` Ges Ab¨vb¨ `vk©wb‡Ki wPšÍvaviv ‡_‡K Gi D™¢e N‡U| 5
gwnDwÏb Bebyj Avivex (g„Zy¨ 638 wnRwi: 1240 wLª.) †¯ú‡bi GKRb weL¨vZ mywd mvaK| Zvui g‡a¨ cÖ_g
me©‡k¦iev` myk„•Lj avivq cÖKvk jvf K‡i| ·qv`k kZvãx‡Z GB cÖeYZvwU evqwh` †ev¯Í&vwgi g‡a¨ †`Lv
†M‡jI Bebyj AvivexB c~Y©v½ me©‡k¦iev`x gZev` cÖPvi K‡ib| Zuvi gZev` ÔIqvn`vZ-Avj-DRy`Õ bv‡g
cwiwPZ| cieZ©x‡Z cÖ‡Z¨K mywd mvaKB †Kvb bv †Kvbfv‡e Bebyj Avivexi Øviv cÖfvweZ n‡q‡Qb| cvi‡m¨i
†gŠjvbv RvjvjzwÏb iæwgI (1202-1270 wLªóvã) Zvui Øviv Mfxifv‡e cÖfvevwš^Z n‡qwQ‡jb| †gŠjvbv iæwgi
iwPZ ÒgmbweÓ we‡k¦i giwg BwZnv‡mi GK Abe`¨ m„wó| ZvQvovI cvi‡m¨i cieZ©x mywd‡`i g‡a¨ BivwK,
mvwe¯Ívwi, Kvkvwb, Avj wRwj IRvwg cÖgyL Ab¨Zg|

4

Saiyid Athar Abbas Rizvi, A History of Sufism in India, Volume-1, New Delhi: Munshiram
Manoharlal Publishers Pvt Ltd, 2003, P. 21.
5
nvwjg, †gvt Avãyj. gymwjg `k©b: †PZbv I cÖevn, 1998, evsjv GKv‡Wwg, XvKv, c„. 87-112|

2

mywdev‡`i g~j wbhv©m Lyu‡R cvIqv hvq mËvi GKZ¡ ÔIqvnv`vZ Avj DRy`Õ Z‡Ë¡ A_v©r me RvqMvq Avjøvn
Av‡Qb, cÖ‡Z¨KwU e¯ÍyB Avjøvn| mywdev‡`i g‡Z G wbhv©m †Kv‡bv A‰bmjvwgK e¨vcvi bq, eis ‡mwU Avjøvni
Avj-nK¡ (mZ¨ mËv) bvg †_‡K D™y¢Z| AvjøvnB GKgvÎ cigmËv Ges Zvi mgKÿ Avi †Kvb mËv †bB| mKj
mywd mva‡Ki jÿ¨ n‡”Q mªóvi g‡a¨ wb‡R‡K wejxb K‡i †`qv| KviY, AšÍ‡ii AšÍt¯’j †_‡K Zvu‡`i wek¦vm:
AvjøvnB n‡”Qb GKgvÎ cÖK…Z mËv, Aewkó me n‡”Q ZvuiB g~Z© cÖKvk gvÎ| cybivq, †cÖg n‡”Q mywdev‡`i g~j
m~i| fw³ I †cÖ‡gi Wvbvq P‡o mywdMY mËvi m‡ev©”P wkL‡i Av‡ivn‡Yi ‡Póv K‡ib| wbwðZfv‡eB, GB †cÖg
weï× I LvwU, wbt¯^v_© I ¯^v_©k~b¨| 6 GRb¨ mywdiv mei, wRK&i, ZvIqv°zj (fimv ev wbfi©Zv) Zvqv‡¾&vn
(ci‡jŠwKK jÿ¨ w¯’i Kiv), ÿgv, `qv, gvqv, `vbkxjZv, mnbkxjZv, J`vh©¨ cÖf„wZ ¸Y AvqË¡ K‡ib| 7
‡e³vkx mywdev`
‡e³vkxiv n‡jb GKw`‡K K‡Vvi Zcm¨vKvix, Avjøvn I ‡cÖ‡gi c‡_i Abymvix, Ab¨w`‡K cy‡ivwnZZš¿, fÛvgx I
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†mŠnv`¨© bó K‡i Giƒc Mwn©Z Kv‡RiI ‡Nviwe‡ivax| ‡e³vkx‡`i BwZnvm h‡_ó DrmyK¨Õc~Y©, †hgb- Lªxôvb‡`i
Avwe©fv‡ei ciciB Zv †ivgvb mvgªv‡Ri mv‡_ wg‡k hvq, †Zgwb †e³vkx‡`i D™¢‡ei ciciB Zv ZzwK©
mvgªvR¨ev‡`i mv‡_ Rwo‡q c‡o| GKBfv‡e whïL„ó †hiƒc Bû`x RvZxqZvev‡`i Pig kÎæ‡Z cwibZ n‡q
c‡owQ‡jb, †e³vk IqvjxI †Zgwbfv‡e †mjRyK we‡ivax Av‡›`vj‡b memgq †mv”Pvi wQ‡jb| 8
nvRx ‡e³vk Iqvjx ev †fwj (1209-1271) wQ‡jb Abb¨ ‰ewk‡ó¨i AwaKvix GKRb mywd, ågY wccvmy Zc¯^x,
`i‡ek I K…”QeªZx| wZwb cvi‡m¨i (eZ©gvb Bivb) wbmvcy‡i 1209 mv‡j Rb¥ MÖnY K‡ib| 9 W.nvwg` AjMvi I
cÖ‡dmi G. †Mvjwcbv©wj Gi g‡Z I Zuvi Rxeb DcvL¨vb Abyhvqx, nvRx †e³v‡ki Rb¥ DËi-c~e©vÂjxq Bivb I
cwðg AvdMvwb¯Ív‡bi ga¨eZ©x ‡Lvivmvb kn‡i| 10 †e³vk wQ‡jb mywd Avn‡g` Bqvmvexi Abymvix whwb 1166
mv‡j g„Zz¨eiY K‡ib| Kw_Z Av‡Q, Zuvi Ava¨vwZ¡K ¸iæi wb‡`©k Abyhvqx 1281 mv‡j wZwb Zuvi wbR f~wg †Q‡o
evBRv›UvBb Avbv‡Zvwjqvq P‡j Av‡mb| H mgq †gv½jiv †mjRyK mvjZvbvZ `Lj K‡i Zv‡`i †kl wPýUzKz
gy‡Q †`q| wZwb Bivb †_‡K BivK, AvdMvwb¯Ívb Ny‡i Zzi‡¯‹ G‡m Kv¤úv‡Wvwmqvi ÔwKiwkqviÕ MÖv‡g Avkªq †bb
Ges ÔmyjyKzKviv‡nvKÕ G ¯’vqx nb| GwU wQj evBRv›UvBb mg‡q cjxq (†m›U cj) `k©b PP©vi †K›`ª| ‡m mgq
Avbv‡Zvwjqv wQj ‡gv½j‡`i wbqš¿‡Y, †mLv‡b mvgvwRK-A_©‰bwZK msKU, ivR‰bwZK ÿgZv MÖn‡Yi Rb¨
cÖwZ‡hvwMZv PjwQj| H mgq wZwb †mLv‡b Zuvi `k©b cÖPvi ïiæ K‡ib| Zuvi mvg¨ev`x I gvbeZvev`x `k©b H
mg‡qi L„óvb a‡g©i ¸iæZ¡c~Y© †K›`ª Kv¤úv‡Wvwmqv ch©šÍ cÖmvi jvf K‡i| 11 A‡bK m~Îg‡Z, wZwb wQ‡jb nhiZ
gynv¤§` (mv.) Gi eks™¢~Z wkqv‡`i mßg Bgvg gymv Avj-KvwR‡gi eskai, hvi gva¨‡g bex Kwig (mv.) Gi
mv‡_ Zuvi m¤úK© cÖgvwYZ nq|

6

†gvt Avãyj nvwjg, gymwjg `k©b: †PZbv I cÖevn, evsjv GKv‡Wgx, XvKv, 1998, c„. 87-112|
Imtiaz Ahmed, Sufis & Sufism: A closer look at the journey of Sufis to Bangladesh, Middle
East Institute, Singapore, July 2010, P. 6-8.
8
Anthony Weir, The Bektashi Order of Dervishes, http://www.beyond-thepale.co.uk/albanian4.htm, retrieved on 6 March, 2012.
9
http://books.google.ca/books?id=apq1Go2OzoC&pg=PA143&lpg=PA143&dq=haji+bektash
+vali+persian&source=bl&ots=YsCl5O7Qxq&sig=EDVf_qSBeigey67acxoD27qA0&hl=en&
ei=ADqjTtPYEKbr0gHbt8imBQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=CDcQ6
AEwBA#v=onepage&q&f=false
10
M.H. Syed, Biographical Encyclopedia of Islam, V-8, Anmol Publications Pvt Ltd., New
Delhi, 2007, P. 21.
11
The Bektashi Order of Dervishes,
http://web.archive.org/web/20020606024537/http://www.stanford.edu/~percin/Bektashi.html,
retrieved on 6 March, 2012.
7

3

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wZwb Zuvi c~eeZx© weL¨vZ mvaK Avn‡g` Bqvmvwe, BqvmvwqAvn&, evev ivm~jzjøvn Bwjqvm †Lvivmvwb, ûiæwd g‡Zi
RbK Avjx-Avj-Avjv I Kvjv›`wiqv‡`i Øviv cÖfvweZ wQ‡jb| Zuvi cÖPvwiZ Z‡Ë¡ G¸‡jvi cÖfve †`Lv hvq| 12
wZwb wQ‡jb LyeB DuPz gv‡ci GKRb mywd I mK‡ji kª×vi cvÎ| Zuvi bv‡gi mv‡_ hy³ i‡q‡Q ÔIwjÕ I ÔnvRxÕ
kãeÜ, hvi A_© h_vµ‡g- Avjøvni eÜz, I ÔThe Pilgrim Saint’| hvi d‡j wZwb mK‡ji wbKU mgvbfv‡e
mgv`„Z| GQvov Zuvi wKQz A‡jŠwKK Kv‡Ri d‡j gvby‡li g‡b wZwb GK cig mËviƒ‡c M„nxZ nb, †hgb:
†`qvj‡K †Nvovq iƒcvšÍi Kiv, mvc‡K Pvey‡K cwibZ Kiv I GKB mv‡_ nwiY I wmsn‡K enb Kiv, hv Zvi
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evev Bwjqv‡mi (g„Zz¨- 1240 wLª.) †bZ…‡Z¡ mvgªvR¨ev` we‡ivax Av‡›`vj‡b cÖZ¨ÿfv‡e AskMÖnY K‡ib|
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evn¨ A‡_©i †P‡q M~p A_©‡K ‡ewk cÖvavb¨ †`b| †e³vkxiv g‡b K‡ib, G mKj M~p Avqv‡Zi gva¨‡gB wek¦RMr
I gvbevZ¥v‡K e¨vL¨v Kiv m¤¢e| G‡Z †h `k©b wbwnZ Av‡Q ‡mwUB gvbyl‡K Ava¨vwZ¡K cybR©‡b¥ wb‡q hvq, hvi
d‡j gvbyl iƒcjvf K‡i GK ¯’vqx mËvq| Avi G mKj Ava¨vwZ¡K w`Kwb‡`©kbv whwb cÖ`vb K‡ib wZwb n‡jb
Zv‡`i Bgvg ev †bZv, Zv‡K ÔevevÕ e‡j m‡¤^vab Kiv nq| whwb kwiqZ, ZwiKZ, nwKKZ I gvwidZ m¤ú‡K©
mwVK wb‡`©kbv cª`vb K‡ib| †Kviv‡bi e¨vL¨vi Rb¨ ZvivB Dchy³ cvÎ, Zviv cig m‡Z¨i Drm Ges Zv‡`i
ØvivB gvbyl mÜvb †c‡Z cv‡i h_v_© w`M&`k©b I PyovšÍ gyw³i| Zviv m¤ú~Y© wb¯úvc I wb¯‹jyl Ges †m Kvi‡Y
gvby‡li kZ©nxb AvbyM‡Z¨i Drm I cvÎ|
‡e³vkxiv cweÎ ‡KviAvb I nv`xm kixd‡K h_vh_ m¤§vb cÖ`©kb K‡ib| †mLvb ‡_‡K †Kvbiƒc AvB‡bi
cwieZ©b ev cwiea©b n‡q‡Q e‡j wek¦vm K‡ib bv| G¸‡jv wPišÍb I k¦vkZ e‡j we‡ePbv K‡ib| Zviv gynv¤§`
(mv.) †K kÖ×v K‡ib hv Zuvi cwievi ev Avn‡j-evBq¨vZ ch©šÍ ewa©Z| †h‡nZz ‡KviAv‡b G m¤ú©‡K we¯ÍvwiZ ejv
n‡q‡Q, †hgb- ÔAvwg ZZÿY ch©šÍ Zv‡`i cyi¯‹…Z Kie bv hZÿY bv Zviv Avgvi cwievi‡K fvjevm‡e
(42:23)Õ| Acic‡ÿ ivm~j‡K (mv.) wR‡Ám Kiv n‡jv, G cwiev‡i Kviv Kviv AšÍ©f~³? ivm~j (mv.) ej‡jbZviv nj: dvwZgv, Avjx, nvmvb I †nvmvBb| ev¯Íe m¤§Z KviY I ‡hŠw³K Ava¨vwZ¡K gyw³‡Z wek¦vm K‡i,
G‡ÿ‡Î ivm~‡ji (mv.) KZ…©K wb‡`©wkZ Ôme©Î ¯ªóv‡K †LuvR KivÕ‡K g~j wfwË e‡j eY©bv K‡ib| bvgvR covi
Dci Zviv ¸iæZ¡v‡ivc K‡ib, Z‡e Zv ‡hb ïaygvÎ †jvK ‡`Lv‡bv ev AbyKi†Yi gv‡SB mxgve× bv nq| Zv‡`i
`„wó‡KvY †_‡K, mwVKfv‡e I cwic~Y© bvgvR Av`vq bv Ki‡j Ava¨vwZ¡K DrKl© jvf Kiv hvq bv| 13 GMy‡jv
e¨wZ‡i‡K Ab¨vb¨ bxwZ¸‡jv njt
6 wU ÔAvnKvgÕ ev ûKzg:
(K) e`vb¨Zv, (L) we`¨v, (M) mZ¨, (N) cweÎ AvBb, (O) AvZ¥m©gcY, I (P) a¨vb|
6 wU ÔAviKvbÕ ev KvVv‡gv/¯Í¤¢:
(K) weÁvb, (L) webgªZv, (M) mš‘wó, (N) K„ZÁZv, (O) Avjøvn‡K ¯§iY, I (P) Aemi MªnY Kiv|
6 wU ÔwebvÕ ev wbgv©Y:
(K) AbzZvc, (L) AvZ¥m©gcY, (M) m†šÍvl, (N) AvbzMZ¨, (O) Ava¨vwZ¥KZv, I (P) eR©b|
12

M.H. Syed, Biographical Encyclopedia of Islam, , V-8, Anmol Publications Pvt Ltd., New
Delhi, 2007, P. 22.
13
The Basic Principles of the Bektashi Way, www.basic-principles.htm, retrieved on 6 March
2012.

4

6 wU ÔûKzgÕ:
(K) we`¨v, (L) e`vb¨Zv, (M) Ava¨vwZ¥K Ávb AR©b, (N) mšÍwó, (O) cªwZdjb, I (P)wek¦vm |
6 wU ÔAvmevZÕ:
(K) e`vb¨Zv, (L) mªóvi ¸YMvb Kiv, (M) cvc Kvh© †_‡K weiZ _vKv, (N) Bw›`ªq‡K mshZ Kiv, (O) Avjøvn‡K
fq Kiv, I (P) AvZ¥v‡K cªdzjø ivLv| 14
nvRx †e³v‡ki gigxev` msµvšÍ NUbv mg~n
nvRx †e³vk m¤úwK©Z eû A‡jŠwKK NUbvi eY©bv i‡q‡Q| G¸‡jv Zuvi `k©b ZË¡ I gigxev‡`i aviK-evnK iƒ‡c
KvR K‡i‡Q| Kw_K Av‡Q, A‡jŠwKK kw³i gva¨‡g wZwb mvim wKsev KeyZ‡ii AvKv‡i †e³vkx cÖv_©bv Abyôv‡b
Avbv‡Zvwjqvq nvwRi n‡Zb| G mvi‡mi cÖwZwe¤^ wn‡m‡e eZ©gv‡b ÔmxgvÕ AbyôvbwU D`&hvwcZ nq, hv 12 Rb
hyeZx bvixi b„‡Z¨i gva¨‡g m¤úbœ nq, Giv c~e©eZx© 12 Rb Bgv‡gi cÖwZwbwaZ¡ K‡i| G‡K Avevi Ô†µb wmgvnÕ
ev ÔZze©bv †mgvwnÕ I e‡j| Zuvi Av‡iKwU A‡jŠwKK ¸Y wQj, wZwb wms‡n cwiYZ n‡q ce©Zv‡ivnY Ki‡Zb|
‡ejv‡qZbvgv Abymv‡i wfbœiƒc aviY K‡i c‡i wZwb g‡½vj wn‡m‡e cybiæwÌZ n‡Zb| wZwb `ywf©ÿ jvNe
Ki‡Zb| wZwb he †_‡K Mg Drcv`b K‡ib, Avevi Zv †_‡K je‡Yi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv c~iY K‡ib| ‡ejv‡qZ
bvgvbymv‡i hLb wZwb cÖv_©bv Ki‡Z PvB‡Zb ZLb Zuvi mKj Abymvixmn wZwb ce©‡Z P‡j †h‡Zb| ‡m ce©Z‡K
eZ©gv‡b ÔwniKv `vMxÕ ejv nq, hv Zyi‡¯‹i nvRx †e³vk kni n‡Z 15 wK.wg. `~‡i Aew¯’Z| ce©‡Z Gmgq
`i‡ekiv Av¸b cÖR¡jb K‡ib, 40 evi Gi Av‡kcv‡k PµvKv‡i †Nv‡ib| GK`v †gvnMÖ¯’ Ae¯’vq nvRx †e³vk
Zuvi cwiwnZ Avj‡Ljøv (KvwW©Mvb) Av¸‡b Qz‡o ‡g‡iwQ‡jb| cieZx©Kv‡j GB cvnvowU ÔwniKv `vwM KvwW©MvbÕ
bv‡g cwiwPwZ jvf K‡i| Av¸b wb‡f hvIqvi ci `i‡ekiv Gi QvB¸‡jv AvKv‡k Qwo‡q †`b hv‡Z H f~wgi
De©iZv e„w× cvq| Avi, ÔRywbcviÕ MvQ ‡e³vkx `i‡ek‡`i Kv‡Q LyeB cweÎ, KviY Gi gva¨‡g gvby‡li
†gvnMÖ¯’Zv †K‡U hvq|
nvRx †e³vk Dc‡`k ‡`b †h, Kv‡iv ü`q †hb †f‡½ bv hvq, KviY wek¦vmx‡`i ü`q Kvev N‡ii gZ| KvevNi
†hiƒc cweÎ, gvby‡li ü`qI †Zgwb cweÎ| Avevi ü`q Avjøvni evm¯’vb ¯^iƒc, hvi gv‡S †Kvb c`©v †bB| nvRx
†e³vk gvbyl‡K eY©bv K‡ib Gfv‡e: mªóv Av`g m„wó Ki‡Qb 4 e¯‘ ‡_‡K Ges Zv‡K 4 fv‡M wef³ K‡i‡Qb|
GB cÖ‡Z¨KwU fv‡Mi 4 wU wfbœ wfbœ wek¦vm, B”Qv I e¨envi i‡q‡Q| cÖ_gZ - cweÎ gvbyl, Zviv ïay cÖv_©bv K‡i
I Ab¨vq B”Qvi Kv‡Q wb‡R‡`i mgc©Y K‡i bv| wØZxqZ- Rvwn` (Zvcm) †kªYx, Zviv w`b ivZ ïay mªóvi wbKU
cÖv_©bv K‡i| Zviv cÖwZwbqZ Avkv I f‡qi ga¨ w`‡q AwZµg K‡i| Z„ZxqZ- Ávbx ‡jvK, Zviv cvwbi gZ
cweÎ, cwi¯‹vi I cwi”Qbœ| Zviv a‡g©i GKwbó Abymvix| PZy_© †kªYxfy³ n‡jv gywne Z_v †cÖwgK, Giv nj
m‡Z¨i Abymvix| Zviv †hfv‡e wRwbm¸‡jv ey‡S I e¨vL¨v K‡i, Ab¨iv †mfv‡e cv‡ibv|
hLb †KD e‡j, †n Ávbx! Avgv‡`i mZ¨ wek¦v‡mi mÜvb w`b| nvRx †e³vk e‡jb- wek¦v‡mi cÖ_g ¯ÍiwU nj
ÔKv‡jgvq kvnv`vrÕ Z_v ¯ªóvi GKZ¡ev`| G‡ÿ‡Î cÖkœ, mªóvi bvg wK? kqZvb †K? Zvi g‡Z, mªóvi g~j wbh©vmwU
nj Cgvb, Avi kqZvb nj KyKg©| wek¦vm nj- Ávb, Avi GUvB cÖK…Z mËv| Ab¨fv‡e, wek¦vm nj mËv Avi Ávb
nj iÿvKeP| Aci c‡ÿ kqZvb nj †Pvi, hw` iÿvKeP P‡j hvq Zvn‡j kqZvb Pzwi K‡i I gvbyl‡K åóZvq
wb‡ÿc K‡i|
‡e³vkx mywd ZwiKvi D™¢e I weKvk

14

The Bektashi Order of Dervishes,
http://web.archive.org/web/20020606024537/http://www.stanford.edu/~percin/Bektashi.html, retrieved
on 6 March 2012.

5

†e³vkx nj GKwU mywd ZwiKv| ‡e³vkx‡`i D™¢e N‡U ga¨ Gwkqvq, c‡i Zviv ejKvb A‡j Qwo‡q c‡ob|
wKse`šÍx Zzj¨ nvRx †e³vk Iqvjx wQ‡jb GB g‡Zi ¯^cœ`ªóv I cÖwZôvZv| 15 †e³vkx Z‡Ë¡i cÖwZôvZv, nvRx
†e³vk Iqvjx 1256 mv‡j GB ZwiKvi cÖPvi ïiæ K‡ib| 16 GKB eQi †e³vkx cÖv_©bvM„n iƒ‡c †ZwK MwVZ nq|
eZ©gv‡b cÖPwjZ †h iƒcwU †e³vkx ZwiKvq †`Lv hvq Zv cÖwZôv K‡ib evev evwjg myjZvb (g„Zz¨- 1516 Lªx.)|
†e³vkx Abymvixiv Zv‡K Ôcxi-B-mvbxÕ ev ÔwØZxq wcZvÕ e‡j m‡¤§vab K‡ib| Imgvbxq kvmbvg‡j †e³vkx
ZwiKvi cÖmvi N‡U Avbv‡Zvwjqv ‡_‡K mgMÖ ejKvb A‡j| G mgq Bmjvg cÖPv‡i †e³vkx w`w` I evevMY
D‡jøL‡hvM¨ Ae`vb iv‡Lb| cieZx©Kv‡j GB ZwiKv Imgvbxq ˆmb¨`j ÔRvwbwmwiiÕ AvbyôvwbK gZiƒ‡c mve¨¯Í
nq mgªvU cÖ_g gyiv` KZ…©K 14 kZ‡K| Imgvbxq kvmbvg‡j eû myjZv‡bi c„ô‡cvlKZvq GB ZwiKv µgvš^‡q
Avj‡ewbqvq RbwcÖqZv jvf K‡i Ges †mLv‡bI cÖv_©bv M„niƒ‡c †ZwK ¯’vcb ïiæ nq|
ga¨ Gwkqvq †Kë, nvb, g‡½vj I ZvwK©k †MvÎmg~‡ni evievi AvMgb-cybtAvMgb, GKB mv‡_ fviZxq I
‰PwbK wPšÍv-†PZbvi Avwef©ve N‡U| Gmgq Kv‡jB cwðgv D`vicwš’ Lªxóvb giwgev`x Ava¨vwZ¡K mywd-mvaK,
`vk©wbK‡`i I AvMgb N‡U| Aciw`‡K mbœ¨vmev`x (monasticism) I Lªxwóq giwgmvaK‡`i cvkvcvwk
AvdMvbx cÖfv‡e Ges cieZx©Kv‡j cÖvPxb MÖxK `k©‡bi cÖfv‡e Avbv‡Zvwjqvq eû mywd ZwiKvi c_Pjv ïiæ nq|
Zb¥‡a¨ ‡e³vkx Ab¨Zg| 17 †e³vkxiv nj L„÷xq I cvðvZ¨ Dcv`v‡bi mswgkª‡Y MwVZ GKwU Dc`j| GiKg
mv`„k¨ Avgiv Lyu‡R cvB wkLÕ‡`i g‡a¨, hviv wn›`y I gymjgvb‡`i wewfbœ Dc`v‡bi wgkª‡Y m„ó| G‡`i gZwUi
mv‡_ L„óvb‡`i eû aviYv I wek¦vm RwoZ| GQvovI Gi g‡a¨ cwðg Gwkqv gvBbi I Kzw`©¯Ív‡bi ÔwKwRjevmÕ I
hvhveixq †jvKR aviYv I wewfbœ MÖvgxY `j Z_v Av‡jfx, ZvL&ZvwRm‡`i wek¦vm mg~nI RwoZ|
15 kZK †_‡K †e³vkx ZwiKvi c~Y© weKvk NU‡Z ïiæ K‡i| Zv‡`i G wPšÍvwU we¯Í…wZ jvf K‡i‡Q mvay fw³ Z_v
mbœ¨vmev‡`i gva¨‡g| Gi Dcv`vbmg~n Avgiv ZzwK©, cÖvK-ZzwK© mg‡qi evBRv›UvBb mvgªv‡R¨ I L„ó-c~e©
Avbv‡Zvwjqvq †`L‡Z cvB hv GB ZwiKv‡K GKwU me©e¨vcx msMV‡b iƒc`vb K‡i| Z‡e GwU myk„sLj I c~Y©v½
†e³vkx ZwiKvq iƒc jvf K‡i evwjg myjZv‡bi gva¨‡g| †e³vkx‡`i me‡P‡q ‡ekx cÖmvi N‡U Imgvbxq
mgªv‡R¨| †e³vkx ÔevevÕMY ZLb Ô†RwbmvwiÕ ˆmb¨`‡ji hvRKiƒ‡c KvR Ki‡Zb| ‡m mgq GwjU †_‡K ïiæ
K‡i mvaviY ˆmwbK ch©šÍ †e³vkx ZwiKv we¯Í…wZ jvf K‡i| gyjZ wecyj msL¨vq †Rwbmvwi‡`i kÖxe„w×i mv‡_
mv‡_ Zv‡`iI weKvk N‡U| Avbv‡Zvwjqvi me©Î Zv‡`i Ô†ZwKÕ †`Lv hvq| GQvov, ejKvb A‡j Z_v
†gwm‡Wvwbqv, emwbqv I nv‡R©‡Mvwfbv, gw›Uwb‡MÖv, K‡mv‡fv I B¯Ív¤^y‡jI G‡`i †ZwK ¯’vwcZ nq| Imgvbxq
kvmbvg‡jB †e³vkx †ZwK wgki I Biv‡K cÖmvi jvf K‡i| 18
1826 mv‡j mgªvU wØZxq gvngy` KZ©©„K Rvwbmvwi †¯‹vqv‡Wi wejywßi mv‡_ mv‡_ †e³vkx‡`i Kvh©µgI eÜ
‡NvlYv Kiv nq| d‡j †e³vkx †ZwK mg~n eÜ n‡q hvq| G‡`i wb‡`©k cÖ`vbKvix `i‡ek‡`i‡K wbe©vm‡b
cvVv‡bv nq| ÔZvbwRgvZÕ Avg‡j Giv Avevi nviv‡bv ‡MŠie cybyiæ×vi K‡ib| wKš‘ †gv¯Ídv Kvgvj AvZvZzK©
KZ…©K 1923 mv‡j Zzi‡¯‹ cÖRvZš¿ cÖwZwôZ n‡j †mLv‡b we`¨gvb mKj mywd ZwiKv wbwl× Kiv nq| d‡j
†e³vkx †ZwK¸‡jv Avev‡iv eÜ n‡q hvq| Gmgq †e³vkxMY Avj‡ewbqvq P‡j Av‡mb Ges Gi ivRavwb
wZivbvq Zv‡`i cÖavb †ZwK ¯’vcb K‡ib| wesk kZ‡Ki gvSvgvwS BD‡iv‡c mwnsmZvi `vgvgv †e‡R DV‡j I

15

Albanians and Their Culture: A Study Of Their Defining Character And Uniqueness, A
Thesis, Susan A. Mcclear, December 1, 2001.
16
First Albanian Bektashi Monastery (CJ) (2004), Research conducted by The University of
Michigan-Dearborn Pluralism Project. www.Pluralism.org, retrieved on 6 March 2012.
17
The Bektashi Order of Dervishes
http://web.archive.org/web/20020606024537/http://www.stanford.edu/~percin/Bektashi.html,
retrieved on 6 March 2012.
18
M.H. Syed, Biographical Encyclopedia of Islam, V. 8, Anmol Publications Pvt Ltd., New
Delhi, 2007, P. 22.

6

Zxeª A_©‰bwZK msKU ‡`Lv w`‡j †mLvb †_‡K eû †e³vkx Av‡gwiKvq P‡j Av‡mb| Zv‡`i gva¨‡g ax‡i ax‡i
GB ZwiKv gvwK©b hy³iv‡óª cÖmvi jvf K‡i|
‡e³vkx gZev‡`i D™¢e I weKvk m¤ú‡K© Avj‡ebxq‡`i wfbœgZ jÿ¨ Kiv hvq| ÒAvj‡ebxq‡`i aviYv g‡Z,
13 kZ‡Ki †kl w`‡K `i‡ek mvwi mvBj‡UKzi gva¨‡g Ô‡Kvidz‡ZÕ †e³vkxev` me©cÖ_g D™y¢Z nq| wZwb ‡m
mgq 7wU Ô‡ZwKÕ ¯’vcb K‡ib| hvi g‡a¨ GKwUi Ae¯’vb wQj ÔKziæRvÕ ce©‡Z| Kw_Z Av‡Q, †mLv‡b wZwb GKwU
WªvMb nZ¨v K‡ib| 19 Aciw`‡K †R, †¯úbmvi wUªwgsnvg Zvi eB‡q D‡jøL K‡ib Ò†e³vkx msMVbwU 15 kZ‡Ki
c~‡e© weKvk jvf K‡iwb, cieZ©x‡Z †lvok kZ‡Ki †klfv‡M †Rwbmvwi ˆmb¨`‡ji mv‡_ mv‡_ weKvwkZ nq hv
mgªvU cÖ_g gyiv` KZ©„K MwVZ n‡qwQj| Gi d‡j GKw`‡K Zviv Zv‡`i GB bZzb ev wfbœ ag©gZwUi Rb¨ Ac‡ii
Avµg‡Yi wkKvi n‡Zb bv|Ó 20 Giv bvix-cyiæ‡li GK‡Î ‡Lvjv‡gjvfv‡e mw¤§j‡bi Rb¨ cÖwmw× AR©b K‡ib|
‡e³vkx‡`i Ici wbh©vZb: wbe©vmb I cybt¯’vcb
1808 Lªxóv‡ã myjZvb Z…Zxq †mwj‡gi AvZ¥xq wØZxq gvngy` wmsnvm‡b Av‡ivnb K‡ib| ‡mmgq wZwb Rvwbmvwi
‰mb¨`j‡K Imgvbxq mvgªv‡R¨i Rb¨ ÿwZKviK e‡j wPwýZ K‡ib, †mB mv‡_ †e³vkx ZwiKv‡KI ûgwK e‡j
fv‡eb| ‡mKvi‡Y wZwb G‡`i Dci cÖZ¨ÿ wbh©vZ‡bi wb‡`©k †`b| Gi djkÖæwZ‡Z Rvwbmvwi ˆmb¨ I
†e³vkx‡`i wbqš¿‡Yi D‡Ï‡k¨ Lwb ‡_‡K †h jeY D‡Ëvjb Kiv n‡Zv Zv eÜ K‡i †`qv nq| D‡jøL¨ †h, Zv‡`i
gva¨‡g †h jeY D‡Ëvjb Kiv n‡Zv †m jeY‡K ÔnvwR ‡e³vkÕ jeY ejv nZ| cieZ©xKv‡j †e³vkx‡`i mKj
m¤úwË ev‡Rqvß Kiv nq, Ges wKQz bKk&ew›`‡`i Kv‡Q n¯ÍvšÍi Kiv nq| ‡hgb- B¯Ív¤^y‡ji ÔMR‡UwKÕ ‡ZwK
bKk&ew܇`i w`‡q ‡`qv nq| aviYv Kiv nq, Gmgq myjZvb gvngy` cÖvq 70 nvRvi †e³vkx Abymvix‡K nZ¨v
K‡ib, Avi Ab¨iv hviv RxweZ wQ‡jb †mLvb †_‡K cvwj‡q Ab¨Î P‡j hvb| ‡h‡nZz †e³vkxiv cÖPwjZ ag©gZ
n‡Z wKwÂr Avjv`v gZvej¤^x †m‡nZz †Mvuov gymjgvb (mybœx I A-mbœ¨vmx) ‡gvjøviv A‡bKUv Drmv‡ni mv‡_
†mmgq G‡`i Dci AK_¨ wbh©vZb Pvjvq|
18 kZ‡K †e³vkx‡`i D`vi wPšÍv aviv¸‡jv d«v‡Ýi `vk©wbK Ôwd«g¨mbÕ Gi mv‡_ hy³ nq| Giv wQj GKB
Rv‡Zi ev Abyiƒc gvby‡li g‡a¨ mngwg©Zv cÖKv‡ki aviK-evnK| G mgq Zyi‡¯‹i eû L¨vZbvgv ivR‰bwZK
e¨w³eM© wd«g¨mb Gi mv‡_ RwoZ wQ‡jb, hvi d‡j d«vÝ I Bs‡iR‡`i eû cÖv_©bv M„n ev wgjbvqZb Gmgq
‡mLv‡b ¯’vwcZ nq| 19 kZ‡Ki †kl w`‡K G‡`i Abymvixi msL¨v e„w× ‡c‡Z _v‡K, we‡kl K‡i myjZvb Ave`yj
nvwg‡`i we‡`ªvnx Abymvix‡`i g‡a¨, hviv ÔZiæY ZzwK© RyevÕ e‡j cwiwPZ| G avivi mv‡_ ci¯úi mggb¯‹ åvZ…
msN wn‡m‡e ‡e³vkx ZwiKvI cybt¯’vwcZ nq|
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nq| cieZ©x‡Z 1967 mv‡j hLb †mLv‡bI Zv‡`i wbwl× Kiv nq ZLb Zviv †mLvb †_‡K cybivq Zzi‡¯‹i
wewfbœ ¯’v‡b I ejKvb A‡j AvkÖq †bq, Ges c‡i Av‡gwiKvq P‡j hvq| ‡e³vkx‡`i cÖwZ hLb wewfbœfv‡e
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cÖRvZš¿ cÖwZôv jv‡fi ci Zv‡`i Dci wbh©vZb ïiæ nq Ges †e³vkx Abymvix‡`i B¯Ív¤^yj †_‡K m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c
Zvwo‡q †`qv nq| GKBmv‡_ Zzi¯‹‡K BD‡iv‡ci c~Y© gymwjg Aay¨wlZ †`kiƒ‡c †NvlYv Kiv nq| 20 eQi
AvZ¥‡Mvcb _vKvi ci †e³vkxMY bKk&ew›`‡`i QÙ‡e‡k cybivq B¯Ív¤^y‡j wd‡i Av‡m| Kvgvj AvZvZz©‡Ki
kvmbKv‡j Zviv KL‡bvB †e³vkx e‡j wb‡R‡`i cwiPq w`‡Z cv‡iwb| wKš‘ Zviv m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c nvwi‡qI hvqwb|
eis bK&ke›`x‡`i gv‡S †eu‡P wQj| Z…Zxq ev‡ii gZ †e³vkxiv AvZ¥cÖKvk K‡i Zzi¯‹‡K cÖRvZš¿ †NvlYv Kivi
50 eQi ci, Z‡e Gevi gv·©xq I †jwjbxq QÙvei‡Y|

19

Pettifer, Blue Guide: Albania. New York: WW Norton, 1994, P. 72.
Trimingham, J. Spencer. The Sufi Orders in Islam. New York: Oxford Univeristy Press.
1998, P. 80-83.

20

7

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w`w`evev ev cÖavb wn‡m‡e `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡i‡Qbt
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cxi nvRx †e³vk Iqvjx
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n‡jb KziAv‡bi e³v ev bvwZK-B-wimvjv, Aciw`‡K nhiZ Avjx (iv.) n‡jb KziAv‡bi mvwne-B-wimvjv|
nhiZ Avjx‡K (iv.) Zviv ¯^Mx©q Avqbv Ges ev‡Zbx ev M~p Avqv‡Zi e¨vL¨vKvix iƒ‡c eY©bv K‡ib| Zv‡`i g‡Z,
nhiZ Avjx (iv.) ïay mgvR cwiPvjbvKvixB bb eis ¯^Mx©q ¸ß weav‡bi e¨vL¨vKvix I A_© Abyave‡b mÿg|
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†e³vkxiv Avjøvn cvK, nhiZ gynv¤§` (mv.) I nhiZ Avjx (iv.) GB wZb Rb‡K GKwÎZ K‡i GKK mËviƒ‡c
eY©bv K‡ib Ges wÎ-‡Z¡i m~Pbv NUvb| nhiZ gynv¤§` (m.) I nhiZ Avjx (iv.) Gi g‡a¨ Zviv †Kvb we‡f`
K‡ib bv, G‡`i‡K GKB mËv g‡b K‡ib| †e³vkx‡`i Abzôvbvw`, Zv‡`i mwPÎ PviæKjv, wKsev ag©ZvwË¡K
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described belief in God as the one Reality there are in the mind of the Bektashis special
manifestations of this Reality in Muhammad and Ali". The identification of these three, in fact, is
so close that it amounts to a doctrine of Trinity; Hak or Reality and Muhammad and Ali."
‡e³vkx ZwiKvq e¨vcK Ôm‡ek¦©iev`xÕ cÖeYZv jÿ¨ Kiv hvq| ‡e³vkx‡`i wek¦v‡mi GB wfwËwU nj ÔIqvn`vZAvj-DRy`Õ A_©vr me RvqMvq Avjøvn Av‡Qb, cÖ‡Z¨KwU e¯‘B Avjøvn| GwU ‡Kvb A‰bmjvwgK wewa bq, eis Zv
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wek¦v‡mi wKQy Dcv`v‡b Ôme©cÖvYÕ ev‡`i Aw¯^Z¡ ‡`Lv hvq †hgb-ce©Z P~ovi gv‡S Ck¦‡ii mÜvb, †auvqv ev ¸nvi
21
22

Thomas Schmidt, Europe's Last Dervishes, Berliner Zeitung, August 14th, 1999.
Birge, Hohn Kingsley, The Bektashi Order of Dervishes, London, 1937, P. 217.

8

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ÔgvRnv‡eÕi Abymvix e‡j `vex K‡ib| 23
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AbyKi‡Y cvwjZ nq| GQvovI G‡`i gv‡S Lªxôxq I eû c¨vMvb Dcv`vb †`Lv hvq|
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23

The New Encyclopedia Britannica, Vol-2, Chicago, USA, 2002. P. 1162.

9

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we‡kl ai‡bi ‡ivhveªZ cvjb K‡i| 24 †e³vkxMY AvZ¥vi ¯’vbvšÍi (Migration of Soul), czbiæÌvb
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Zv‡`i cÖv_©bvi mgq fw³g~jK msMx‡Zi Av‡qvRb K‡ib| 27 msMx‡Zi gva¨‡g Ck¦i I †me‡Ki gv‡S fvjevmvi
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AbymvixMY eQ‡i GKevi Zv‡`i Ava¨vwZ¡K ¸iæi wbKU cvcöj‡bi Rb¨ ¯^xKv‡ivw³g~jK Abyôvb K‡i| cvc
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†bKve ev c`v© e¨envi Ki‡Z e‡j bv| GgbwK A¨vj‡Kvnj cvb KivI ‡`vlbxq e‡j g‡b K‡i bv| GQvov, Zviv
wbqwgZ/AvbyôvwbK cÖv_©bvi Dci †Zgb †Rvi †`q bv| G‡ÿ‡Î Zviv AšÍ‡ii cÖv_©bv‡K me©v‡MÖ ¯’vb †`q| Zviv
mve©RbxbZvq wek¦vmx| d‡j †h ‡KD Zv‡`i wek¦v‡m `xwÿZ n‡Z cv‡i| 29

24

Trix, Frances. Spiritual Discourse: Learning with an Islamic Master, University of Pennsylvania Press,
Philadelphia, 1993, P. 34.
25
Irene Melikoff, Hadji Bektach: UN Mythe Et Ses Avatars: Genese Et Evolution Du Soufisme
Populaire En Turquie (Islamic History and Civilization. Studies and Texts) 1998, P. 112.
26
Ibid, P. 138.
27
InYour Pocket. ―The Bektashi Sect: Bektashi Events.
‖ 1995
–2010.
http://www.inyourpocket.com/albania/tirana/The-Bektashi-sect-70140f?more=1, retrieved on
28
dRjyi ingvb, Bmjvg, 2q ms¯‹ib wkKv‡Mv wek¦we`¨vjq, 1979|
29
Albert Doja, Confraternal Religion: From Liberation Theology To Political Reversal,
University OF Limerick, History AND Anthropology, 2003 Vol. 14 (4), PP. 349–381.

10

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nq, Ges cviZc‡ÿ †jvKPÿzi AšÍiv‡j Av`vq Kivi †Póv Kiv nq| hvi d‡j mK‡jiB G‡`i wel‡q Rvbvi
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K‡ib wZwb h_vh_ Ava¨vwZ¡KZv AR©b K‡i‡Qb, Z‡e Zv‡K Abyôv‡bi gva¨‡g cieZ©x ¯Í‡i DbœxZ K‡i ‡`b|
A_v©r gywne ¯Í‡i wKQzw`b Ae¯’v‡bi ci wZwb evev KZ…©K Ô`i‡ek’ g‡bvbxZ nb| H mgq `i‡ekiv,
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Kvb duzwo‡q ‡`qv nq, ‡m mgq ‡_‡K Zviv GK ai‡Yi Kv‡bi `zj cwiavb K‡i, G‡K Ôgb&&M&zRÕ e‡j| Imgvbxq
Avg‡j G KvRwU kzaz nvRx †e³vk †ZwK, ˆmq` Avjx mzjZvb (†Wwg‡UvKv/Mªxm) ev Kvievjv (BivK) †ZwK‡Z
Abykxjb Kiv nZ| 19 kZ‡Ki †klfv‡M B¯Ív¤^y‡ji kvnKzjz †ZwKwU GB avivq mv‡_ hy³ nq| 1925 mv†j
Zyi‡¯‹i mKj †ZwK eÜ n‡q †M‡j World Bektashi Community Avj‡ewbqvi wZivbvq G Abyôvb Pvjy
K‡i| `i‡e‡ki Dc‡ii ¯ÍiwU nj Ôevev’| wZwb GKwU †ZwKi Ava¨vwZ¡K cÖavbiƒ‡c Ô†ZwK’ cwiPvjbv K‡ib|
evevi Dc‡i Av‡iv GKwU kxl©¯’vbxq c` i‡q‡Q †mwU nj Ôniwjwd evevÕ ev `v`v Z_v ÔwcZvgn| 19 kZ‡Ki ci
n‡Z w`w` evev ¯Íi‡K c„_K K‡i kxl© ¯’v‡b wb‡q hvIqv nq| G‡`i g‡a¨ whwb me‡P‡q e‡qvt‡R¨ô wZwb nb
Ôw`w`evev ev cÖwcZvgn, d‡j me©Rb kª‡×q| whwb me©G we`¨gvb mKj †ZwKi cÖavb, wZwb Hk¦wiK wb‡`k©bv
cÖ`v‡bi ‡hvM¨ e‡j we‡ewPZ nb| †e³vkx Ava¨vZ¡ ¯Í‡ii m‡ev©”P c` GwU| wZwb eviRb (12) niwjwd evevi
(mgv‡e‡k) HK¨g‡Zi wfwI‡Z wbev©wPZ nb| 32 HwZn¨MZfv‡e GB w`w`evev‡`i cÖ_g I cÖavb n‡jb-nvRx
30

eviR. Rb wKsm‡j, The Bektashi Order of Dervishes, London, 1937.
Irene Melikoff, Hadji Bektach: UN Mythe Et Ses Avatars : Genese Et Evolution Du
Soufisme Populaire En Turquie (Islamic History and Civilization. Studies and Texts), 1998,
P.112.
32
Huseyin Abiva, Bektashi Thought & Practice,
31

11

†e³vk Iqvjx (1209-1271 Lªx.)| Zvi gvRviwU ga¨ Avbv‡Zvwjqvq Aew¯’Z| GB nvRx †e³vk Iqvjx
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evev wKsev `i‡ekMY †KDB we‡q Ki‡Zb bv| G‡ÿ‡Î Zviv nvRx ‡e³vk Iqvjx‡K AbzmiY Ki‡Zb, ‡h‡nZz
wZwb we‡q K‡ibwb, mzZivs ZvivI we‡q Ki‡Zb bv|
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cÖvPxb mgq †_‡KB †h †Kvb ¯§iY Abyôv‡bi mgq †e³vkxMY GKwU cÖZxKx †cvkvK e¨envi K‡i _v‡Kb|
Zv‡`i g‡Z, GB cÖvPxbZg c×wZi D™¢veK n‡jb nhiZ Av`g (Av.), Avi mKj cqM¤^iMY Gi aviK-evnK|
nhiZ gynv¤§` (mv.) GB †cvkv‡Ki aviYv jvf K‡ib nhiZ wReªvBj (Av.) Gi wbKU †_‡K, hLb wZwb cweÎ
wgiv‡R Mgb K‡iwQ‡jb| hv ch©vqµ‡g nhiZ Avjxi (iv.) wbKU Av‡m cweÎ AvgvbZ iƒ‡c| cieZ©xKv‡j GwU
Bgvg nvmvb-û‡mBb Ges Ab¨vb¨ Bgvg‡`i c_cwiµgvq eû c‡i Ôcxi nvRx †e³v‡kÕi wbKU Av‡m| wZwb GwU
ag©xq Abyôv‡bi mgq e¨envi Ki‡Zb| †e³vkx‡`i Abykxjb Abyhvqx GB ce©vw`i †cvkvK¸‡jv wPi¯’vqx I
AcwieZ©bxq, hv myk„sLjfv‡e †e³vkxMY iÿv K‡i Avm‡Qb| cÖavbZ †Kvb Dcjÿ ev Abyôvbvw`‡Z e¨eüZ
†cvkvK¸‡jv MwVZ nq wb‡gœv³ Dcv‡q: (K) ZvuR- hv gv_vq e¨envi Kiv nq (L) wLoKvn- MvDb ev Rvgv (M)
wKgvi- †KvgieÜbx|

http://bektashiorder.com/thought-and-practice, retrieved on 6 March 2012.

12

(K) ZvuR
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wRwbm Bgv‡gi cÖwZwbwaZ¡ K‡i Ges 12wU wRwbm cwinvi Ki‡Z e‡j| G¸‡jv n‡jv:
(1) Ab¨vqc~e©K GB †cvkvK cwiavb †_‡K weiZ _vKv,
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(3) mKj cÖKvi Bw›`ªq cvc n‡Z weiZ _vKv,
(4) Avjøvn&‡K ¯§iY Kiv I we¯§iYkxj bv nIqv,
(5) D”PvKv•Lx bv nIqv,
(6) Ab¨‡K fq cvIqv n‡Z weiZ _vKv I Avjøvn&‡K fq Kiv,
(7) RM‡Zi gvqvq bv Rov‡bv,
(8) cïi gZ fÿY bv Kiv,
(9) wb‡R‡K msea©b ev e„w× bv Kiv,
(10) ‰ah©¨ I b¨vqcivqY nIqv,
(11) Zvovû‡ov bv Kiv I ‰ah©¨ Aej¤^b Kiv, I
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wgÕiv‡R ivm~j‡K (mv.) GB †cvkvK cÖ`vb Kiv nq, hv wZwb cieZ©x‡Z nhiZ Avjx‡K (iv.) Dcnvi †`b| ‡mB
avivevwnKZvq wLoKvn nvRx †e³v‡ki Kv‡Q G‡m Dcw¯’Z nq|
wLoKvn&‡ZI 4wU Ask _v‡K h_vµ‡g K. m¤§yLfvM, L. †cQb fvM, M. Wvb I, N. evg|
(1) G‡ÿ‡Î mvg‡bi AskwU Ck¦i‡K wb‡`©k K‡i- Ava¨vwZ¡K ¸iæiƒ‡c|
(2) †cQ‡bi AskwU †kl w`em‡K wb‡`©k K‡i|
(3) Wvb cvkwU Ava¨vwZ¡K j‡ÿ¨ †cuŠQvi Rb¨ mKj Kvh©µg I DrmM©‡K wb‡`©k K‡i|
(4) evg cvkwU ü`q‡K eySvq|
(5) evB‡ii AskwU cwi‡aq e¨w³i gnvbyfeZ¡‡K cÖKvk K‡i Avi Af¨šÍixY AskwU Zvi wewfbœ ¸‡Yi cÖKvk
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w`‡qwQ‡jb| Giv n‡jb Bgvg nvmvb, ûmvBb, mvjgvb dviwm, Av¤§vi Be‡b Bqvwmi, Avey R¡i wMdvix, wgKv`v`
13

Be‡b AvImv`, gvwjK Avj AvkvZvi I Lvbevi-B-Avjx myjZvb cÖg~L| †e³vkx gZvbyhvqx, Gi Øviv Ava¨vwZ¡K
¸iæi mv‡_ f‡³i †h `„p eÜb Zv‡K wb‡`©k Kiv nq| 33
‡e³vkx †ZwK
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†ZwK¸‡jv Av‡Q Zv g~jZ cv_‡ii ‰Zwi, Zv‡Z 1wU m`i `iRv _v‡K| ‡ZwK‡Z ‡e³vkx †bZv‡`i gvRvi ev
mgvwa¯Í¤¢ ev gq`vb Cfx Av‡Q| `i‡ek‡`i (gwnjv I cyiæl‡`i Rb¨ Avjv`v Avjv`v) _vKvi Rb¨ ‡QvÆ KzwUi ev
GK‡gK Cfx I cÖkvmwbK feb Av‡Q| ZvQvov Lvevi Ni ev Avk Cfx I †gngvb Cfx _v‡K| bvbvwea wRwbmcÎ
Øviv mgvwa cÖv½Y mvRv‡bv _v‡K, †hgb - HwZnvwmK Qwe, K¨vwjIMÖvwd‡Z wjwLZ `wjjvw`, fv®‹h© cÖf…wZ| 34
‡e³vkx‡`i g‡Z, Zv‡`i cÖ_g †ZwKwU evev `~ev©jx KZ©„K MwVZ n‡qwQj Avj‡ewbqvi A`~‡i MÖx‡mi †_mvwj‡Z|
‡mLvb ‡_‡K †e³vkx evYxmg~n `wÿY ejKv‡bi Avj‡ewbqv Aay¨wlZ †jvK‡`i gv‡S cÖmvwiZ nq| ZvQvovI
iægvwj evevi †bZ„‡Z¦ †U‡U&vfvq (‡gwm‡Wvwbqv) GKwU †ZwK cÖwZwôZ nq hv cieZx©Kv‡j evi‡Kvfv, cÖxR©‡ib, I
MvRv‡Kvfvq cÖmvwiZ nq| Avj‡ewbqvq me©cÖ_g 17 kZ‡K Amxg evev KZ…©K wMwRiK÷vi-G ‡ZwK MwVZ nq|
cieZx© mg‡q kvgxgv evev KZ…©K K~R©v kn‡i, Rvwd Beªvwng evev KZ©„K Gjevmv‡b †e³vkx †ZwK ‰Zwi nq| 35
eZ©gv‡b †e³vkxiv eû †ZwK cwiPvjbv K‡ib, G‡`i cÖavb †ZwKwU nj ÔKª„wR_mvÕ| `wÿY Avj‡ewbqvi RbMY
G‡`i Øviv AwaK gvÎvq cÖfvweZ| GQvov K‡mv‡fv I †gwm‡Wvwbqvq wKQz †ZwK I Abymvix‡`i ‡`Lv hvq|
‡gwm‡Wvwbqvq Zv‡`i GKwU †ZwK nj nvivevwZ evev ‡ZwK (‡U‡Uv‡fvq)| evev Zvwni Gwgwbi (1941-2006)
g„Zy¨i ci Avj‡ewbqvq w`w`wjK Gi ‡`Lvïbv K‡ib I GWgÛ eviwngvR‡K Gi cªavb wbhy³ Kiv nq, wZwb
eZ©gv‡b K…ªwRm_v †ZwKi cÖavb| Ab¨w`‡K, Km‡fv‡Z Zv‡`i ¸iæZ¡c~Y© †ZwKwU MvRv‡Kvfvq Aew¯’Z, Gi †bZ…‡Z¡
Av‡Qb gywgb jvgv| Av‡gwiKvi †WUª‡q‡U Zv‡`i †ZwK Av‡Q| GLv‡b Zv‡`i Abymvix‡`i cÖv_©bvi Rb¨ wekvj
wgjbvqZb Av‡Q| Ab¨vb¨ wRwb‡mi g‡a¨ Av‡Q cvVvMvi, mfvM„n, wekvj ivbœv Ni, evev‡`i M„n, AwZw_ Kÿ
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Zv‡`i ‡h †ZwKwU †nW‡Kvqv©Uvi wn‡m‡e e¨eüZ nq Zv LyeB wekvj AvK…wZi| hv kn‡ii †K‡›`ª Aew¯’Z I
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cwiwPwZ jvf K‡i| Ab¨ K_vq, Avbv‡Zvwjqvi Bmjvg ‡e³vkx‡`i gva¨‡g cwibZ iƒc cwiMÖn K‡i|
nvRx †e³v‡ki Dci ÔevexÕ ZwiKvi (evev BmnvK) cÖfve †`L‡Z cvIqv hvq| †e³vkx åvZ…Z¡‡ev‡ai g‡a¨
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†U÷v‡g›U †_‡K wbm„Z| Zv‡`i åvZ…Z¡‡eva wek¦vmwU cÖKvwkZ nq Zzi‡¯‹i weL¨vZ Kwe BDbym Ggwii csw³‡Z,
whwb †e³v‡ki AvMg‡bi c~‡e© gviv hvb|
33

www.bektashi-ceremonial-garb.html, retrieved on 6 March 2012.
Bektashi.net. Nirmala, Tirath Singh. ―A Nirmala among Bektashis. 21 February 2007.
http://www.bektashi.net/tekkes-gjirokaster.html, Retrieved on 6 March 2012.
35
Selim Kalicani, Bektashizmi si sekt mistik Islam, Albania, P.186-188.
34

14

Let us all be friends for ever,
Let us take and make life easy.
Let us be lovers and loved onesNobody owns the earth.
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cÖfve Qwo‡q c‡o| Gi Drcw˯’j Avbv‡Zvwjqv ‡_‡K G‡`i cÖmvi N‡U ejKvb A‡j| mvwimvj‡UKzi gva†g
Zv‡`i cÖfve-cÖwZcwË Avbv‡Zwjqv n‡Z iæ‡gwjqv ch©šÍ we¯Ívi jvf K‡i| Avi nvRx †e³vk ZzwK© ms¯‹…wZ‡K
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36

Sadettin Nüzhet, Bektaşi Şairleri, Istanbul, 1930.

15

cieZ©x‡Z 1929 mv‡j wZivbvq ‡e³vkx‡`i cÖavb †K›`ª ¯’vwcZ nq| Gi c~‡e© 1922 mv‡j Avj‡ebxq Ô‡ZwKÕ
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evm K‡i| 37
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37

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Zzi¯‹,Avj‡ewbqv,ejKvb

John L. Esposito, The Oxford Encyclopedia of Modern Islamic World. Vol. 2, Oxford
University Press, NY-1995, P. 214. Also in Turkish Alevis Today by John Shindeldecker,
38
Niyazi Öktem, Religion in Turkey, Brigham Young University Law Review, 06/06/2002. P. 372373.

16

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Drm : www.religion.facts.com, retrieved on 6 March 2012.
17

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"The Bektashiyya claimed to be a Sunni order, though in fact very unorthodox and having so
strong a reverence for the House of 'Ali that it might well be called a Shi'a order". 41
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DËi Mªxm, eyj‡Mwiqv, †gwm‡Wvwbqv I K‡mv‡fv‡Z Zv‡`i AvcÖvY ‡Póvq ax‡i ax‡i Bmjv‡gi wfwË ¯’vwcZ nq|
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39

Frances Trix, The Sufi journey of Baba Rexheb, University of Pennsylvania Press, 2009, P.

1.
40

The New Encyclopedia Britannica, Vol-2, Chicago, USA, 2002, P. 55-56.
Trimingham, J. Spencer. The Sufi Orders in Islam. New York: Oxford Univeristy Press.
1998, P. 80.

41

18

Bektashi, unlike the other Sufi orders in the Balkans, though officially Sunni, are to be regarded
as essentially Shiite”. 42
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A‡_v©W· gymjgvb‡`i †_‡K m¤ú~Y© e¨wZµg hv Zv‡`i cÖv_wgK mg‡qi Ava¨vwZ¥K mvaK‡`i gv‡SI we`¨gvb
wQj| 43
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Zviv Avjøvni evYxi GK‡Z¡ wek¦vmx I Zvi in‡m¨i wewfbœZvq wek¦vmx| 44
nhiZ Avjx‡K (iv.) †K›`ª K‡i Zviv `y‡Uv evwl©K Abyôv‡bi Av‡qvRb K‡i| GKwU nj ÔAvïivÕ, hv Avjxi cyÎ
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42

Norris, H.T. Islam in the Balkans. Religion and Society between Europe and
the Arab World, London: Hurst & Company, 1993, P. 89.
43
John L. Esposito, The Oxford Encyclopedia of Modern Islamic World, Vol-2, Oxford
University Press, NY-1995, P. 213.
44
The New Encyclopedia Britannica, Vol-2, Chicago, USA, 2002, P. 55-56.
45
Sufis in the Muslim World, June 2004 version, www.MuslimHope.com, retrieved on 6
March 2012.

19

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Øviv cÖZ¨ÿ ev c‡ivÿfv‡e H mgq cÖfvweZ wQj| G mgq Zzi‡¯‹ a‡g©i cÖwZ gvbz‡li AbyivM m„wó‡Z G ZwiKv
e¨vcK f~wgKv iv‡L| †Kbbv GwU wQj eû Dcv`v‡bi GK Af~Zc~e© mgvnvi, hv‡Z Bmjvg c~e© eû c¨vMvb Dcv`vb
I Lªxóxq Dcv`v‡bi wgkªY †`L‡Z cvIqv hvq| hv GKmgqKvi Lªxóvb Aay¨wlZ G f~L‡Ûi †jvK‡`i AvKl©Y
K‡i| GQvov, ‡e³vkx †ZwK¸‡jv H mg‡q ¯’vwcZ gmwR`¸‡jv †_‡KI gvbyl‡K †ewk Av‡›`vwjZ K‡iwQj|
mvgvwRKfv‡e, GwU ¯’vbxq †jvKRb n‡Z ïiæ K‡i mvgªv‡R¨i D”P c`¯’ mKj‡K GKwU †bUIqv‡K©i AvIZvq
wb‡q Av‡m| GB m¤cÖ`v‡qi ag©xq I mvgvwRKfv‡e †h f~wgKv Zv g~jZ Bmjv‡gi aviK evnKiƒ‡c mgMÖ
Imgvbxq mvgªvR¨ Ry‡o ejKvb A‡ji Lªxóxb‡`i g‡a¨I Qwo‡q wQj| Zv‡`i mvaviY Rxeb cÖwµqvq wfbœZv I
MwZkxjZv wKsev Ab¨vb¨ m¤cÖ`v‡qi cÖwZ mnbxqZv cÖ`k©b I Bmjvgx AvB‡bi cÖwZ ‰kw_j¨ cÖ`k©b, H mgv‡Ri
†jvK‡`i Kv‡Q G‡`i RbwcÖq K‡i †Zv‡j, d‡j eû Lªxóxq g‡Zi Abzmvix Bmjvg MÖnY K‡i| "Bektashism
in its peculiar Albanian form undermined all factions and opposites, mixed pagan,
Christian and Muslim elements, and stood for mystic unity, intellectual honesty, and
universal tolerance". 47
GQvov, †e³vkx‡`i Rvwbmvwi ˆmb¨‡`i mv‡_ GK we‡kl m¤úK© wQj, Zv‡`i A‡b‡KiB wcZvgvZv wQ‡jb Lªxóvb|
hw`I GB m¤ú‡K©i myÎcv‡Zi mgq wb‡q cwÛZ‡`i g‡a¨ weZK© Av‡Q, Z‡e A‡b‡KB g‡b K‡ib Gi m~Pbv
n‡qwQj 15 kZ‡K, Avi Rvwbmvwi ˆmb¨‡`i MVb Kiv n‡qwQj 14 kZ‡K| 48 G‡`i mv‡_ GKxf~Z nIqvi d‡j
eû ‡jvK ivRˆbwZK mzweav †fvM K‡iwQj| ‡e³vkxMY `vßwiK ev cÖkvmwbKfv‡e G‡`i mv‡_ RwoZ wQj, d‡j
Zv‡`i eû gZv`k© Rvwbmvwi‡`i †fZi msµwgZ nq| KviY, †e³vkxiv hvRK wn‡m‡e me©Î G‡`i mv‡_ ågb
Ki‡Zb I mym¤úK© eRvq ivL‡Zb| ‡bv‡qj e‡jb- "No doubt it (the Janissary Corps) had a
special appeal to soldiers who had been brought up as Christian children, given that

46

John L. Esposito, New The Oxford Encyclopedia of Modern Islamic World, Vol-2, Oxford
University Press York-1995, P. 213.
47
Ward, Philip. Albania: A Travel Guide. Cambridge: The Oleander Press, 1983, P. 103.
48
John L. Esposito, The Oxford Encyclopedia of Modern Islamic World. Vol. 2, Oxford
University Press, NY, 1995, P. 213.

20

Bektashi adherents would drink wine and ignore the fast of Ramadan, and that their
version of Muslim theology included a quasi-trinitarian doctrine". 49
cieZ©xKv‡j eû †e³vkx Ô‡ZwKÕ aŸsm I Zv‡`i †bZv ev `i‡ek‡`i wbhv©Zb Kiv nq I wbe©vm‡b cvVv‡bv nq|
Avevi A‡b‡K G mgq bK&kew›`‡`i Qvqvq †eu‡P _v‡Kb| Z‡e 9g kZvwãi wØZxq fv‡M G‡m Zviv Zv‡`i
nviv‡bv me †ZwK D×vi K‡i I GB mgq Zviv eû eB evRv‡i †ei K‡i| ivR‰bwZKfv‡e eû †e³vkx G mgq
Avj‡ebxq RvZxqZvev`x Av‡›`vj‡b hy³ nq, Avevi A‡b‡K ÔZiæY ZzwK© hyevÕ `‡j Ask †bq| cybivq Zv‡`i
†ZwK¸‡jv Kvgvj AvZvZzK© eÜ K‡i †`b I mKj mywd m¤cÖ`vq‡K Zzi‡¯‹ wbwl× K‡ib| G NUbvi †cÖwÿ‡Z
Zviv Zv‡`i cÖavb Kvh©vjq Avbv‡Zvwjqv n‡Z Avj‡ewbqvq ¯’vbvšÍi K‡i| cieZ©x‡Z, 1944 mv‡j Avj‡ebxq
KwgDwb÷‡`i Øviv kvwmZ n‡Z ïiæ Ki‡j cyYivq Zv‡`i Dci AZ¨vPvi ïiæ nq| 1945 mv‡j Zv‡`i mKj
m¤ú` I ag©xq cÖwZôvb ev‡Rqvß Kiv nq| 1947 mv‡j A‡bK †e³vkx hvRK‡K †Rvi c~e©K we‡q †`qv nq|
1967 mv‡j Avj‡ewbqv Ôbvw¯ÍK ivóªÕ iƒ‡c wb‡R‡`i †NvlYv Ki‡j Zv‡`i Dci AK_¨ wbh©vZb †b‡g Av‡m|
mKj †e³vkx ¯Í¤¢ I ÔZzi&wemÕ ev hv`yNi, gmwR` I PvP© aŸs‡mi mv‡_ mv†_ aŸsm K‡i †`qv nq| G mKj
NUbvi cwi‡cÖwÿ‡Z Avj‡ewbqvi Awfevmxiv I kibv_©xiv wg‡j 1953 mv‡j Av‡gwiKvi wgwkMv‡b cÖ_g †e³vkx
Ô‡ZwKÕ ¯’vcb K‡i| Ab¨w`‡K 1957 mv‡j wgk‡i Kvq‡ivi A`~‡i ÔgyKvËv‡g Zv‡`i Ô†ZwK eÜ K‡i †`qv nq hv
Dbwesk kZK ch©šÍ Avj‡ebxq Ôevev KZ…©K cwiPvwjZ nZ| 1990 mv‡ji w`‡K Avj‡ewbqv I Zzi‡¯‹
†e³vkx‡`i Ae¯’vi mvgvb¨ DbœwZ NU‡Z ïiæ K‡i| Avj‡ewbqvq 1990 mv‡j KwgDwb÷ miKv‡ii cZb N‡U
(1990-1991)| c‡i 1991 Gi GwcÖ‡j cyYivq ‡e³vkx‡`i hvÎv ïiæ nq|
ZzwK© ms¯‹…wZi wfwË cÖ¯Íi ¯’vc‡b †e³vkx Ava¨vwZ¡K KweZvmg~n ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Ae`vb †i‡LwQj| G mKj eo eo
evav †gvKv‡ejv Kivi ci eZ©gvb kZ‡Ki ïiæ‡Z Zv‡`i c~‡Y©v`¨‡g c_Pjv ïiæ nq| D‡jøL¨ †h, wesk kZ‡Ki
wØZxqv‡a© †e³vkx I MÖvgxY Avjfx‡`i g‡a¨ wek¦vm I Abykxj‡b e¨vcK wgj †`Lv hvq| m‡e©vcwi, Avbv‡Zvwjqvi
ZzwK© Aay¨wlZ A‡j G‡`i gva¨‡gB Bmjv‡gi cÖfve I cÖmvi N‡U| ZvB ejv hvq, GwU wQj ejKvb A‡j
Bmjv‡gi weKv‡k GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© G‡R›U| Zv‡`i Abykxjb, ag©ZvwË¡K welqvejx, Rvwbmvwi‡`i mv‡_ m¤úK© hv
Bmjv‡gi we¯Í…wZ‡K wewfbœfv‡e dzwU‡q Zy‡j| Zv‡`i f³ I Abymvix‡`i gva¨‡g †h mKj KweZv wjwLZ ev
msM„nxZ n‡qwQj Zv Avj‡ewbqv I Zzi‡¯‹i ms¯‹…wZi Rb¨ Abb¨ Ae`vb|
eZ©gv‡bI Zzi‡¯‹ we`¨gvb miKvi¸‡jv Zv‡`i cÖwZ cÖwZK‚j aviYv †cvlY K‡i, d‡j Zv‡`i AvPvi-AvPiY‡K
wbav©wiZ GjvKvi g‡a¨ mxgve× K‡i †`qv n‡q‡Q| Aciw`‡K, Avj‡ewbqvq ev gymwjg Aay¨wlZ nIqvi c~‡e©
hy‡Mv¯øvwfqvq (K‡mv‡fv I †gwm‡Wvwbqvq) wKsev DËi Av‡gwiKvq cÖwkwÿZ ev †hvM¨ †bZ…‡Z¡i Afv‡e Gi cÖmvi
mxwgZ n‡q c‡o‡Q, &Ges AZ¨vwaK gvÎvq ag©wbi‡cÿ gZv`‡k© wek¦vmx nevi d‡j GKwesk kZvwã‡Z Zv‡`i
Ae¯’v Lviv‡ci w`‡K hv‡”Q|
mvgvwRK we‡køl‡Y ‡`Lv hvq, cÖwZwU ag©‡MvwôB Zv‡`i cÖmv‡ii myweav‡_© H mg‡qi cÖfvekvjx gn‡ji QÎQvqvq
†e‡o I‡V Ges ivóªxq ÿgZv‡K Kv‡R jvMvq| ‡hgb m¤ªvU A‡kv‡Ki ZË¡veav‡b †hiƒc †eŠ× a‡g©i Af~Zc~e©
weKvk mvwaZ n‡qwQj †Zgwbfv‡e Imgvbxq kvmbvg‡j eû myjZv‡bi c„ô‡cvlKZvq ‡e³vkx ZwiKv µgvš^‡q
RbwcÖqZv jvf K‡i| GKB mv‡_ GwU †mLv‡b we`¨gvb ms¯‹…wZi eû Dcv`vb wb‡Ri K‡i †bq| †e³vkx‡`i
‡ÿ‡ÎI Gi e¨Z¨q N‡Uwb| nvwR †e³vk ZywK© wek¦v‡mi (g~j Bmjvgx wek¦vm mg~‡ni) mv‡_ cÖvK-Bmjvgx I
mvgvwRK Dcv`vb mg~‡ni mswgkªY NUvb †hLv‡b Zuvi Rb¥f~wg Biv‡bi wKQz `vk©wbK †Qvuqv †`Lv hvq| GQvov,
Zuvi ZwiKvq ZzwK© ms¯‹…wZi eû cÖfve †`L‡Z cvIqv hvq|

49

Malcolm, Noel. Kosovo A Short History. New York: New York University Press, 1998, P.
135.

21

Ab¨w`‡K mvayfw³i gva¨‡g Gi weKvk ïiæ nq, hv wQj Ab¨vb¨ mKj ms¯‹…wZi GKwU wgkªY hv‡Z ¯’~j, ˆeawg©K,
`~‡eva©¨ eû Dcv`vb GKwÎZ n‡qwQj, †hgb- `wÿY Gkxq I Avbv‡Zvwjqvi RbwcÖq ag©xq cÖv_©bvixwZ, ûiæwd
gZ, ZywK© I iægxi `k©b|| cÖv‡P¨i Ab¨vb¨ mywd-mvaK‡`i b¨vq ‡e³vkxiv wQ‡jb mKj mvgvwRK Ab¨vq I
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jÿ¨ Kiv hvq, H A‡j we`¨gvb Lªxóxq avivi cÖfve| †hgb- L„óvb‡`i wÎZ¡ev‡`i wek¦vmwU †e³vkx‡`i gv‡S
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K‡ib- Òa‡g©i gv‡S †Kvb ˆelg¨ †bB ev cv_©K¨ wbiƒc‡bi cÖ‡qvRb †bB| cÖ‡Z¨K ag©B c„w_ex‡Z kvwšÍ I
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Zuvi avibv¸‡jvi Ici wfwË K‡i| Zuvi D™¢vweZ G ZwiKvi g~j jÿ¨ wQj gvbevZ¥v‡K fvjevmvi gva¨‡g wek¦RMr-Ck¦i I gvby‡li gv‡S HK¨ cÖwZôv Kiv| gvbyl‡K wZwb ¯^Mx©q ¸‡Y ¸Yvwš^Z e‡j eY©bv K‡ib| Zuvi g‡Z,
mdjZvi cÖavb kZ© nj wb‡R‡K Rvbv I wb‡R‡K fvjevmv, †Kbbv gvby‡li gv‡SB Hk¦wiK ¸Yvejx we`¨gvb
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nq| Zzi‡¯‹i RvZxq ms¯‹…wZi cwiwPwZ AvR Aewa m¤¢e nZ bv, hw` †e³vkx‡`i Ae`vb bv _vKZ, †Kbbv Zv
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‡m¸‡jv H mg‡qi cÖPwjZ ‡mªv‡Z wejxb nIqv †_‡K g~jZ ZzwK© RvwZ, fvlv I i³‡K iÿv K‡i‡Q GB
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MÖš’cwÄ
1. Arberry, A.J. Sufism: an Account of the Mystics of Islam. London: Allen and
Unwin, 1950.
2. Amin,
Hussein
Abdul
waheed.
Islam
for
Today.
No
date.
http://www.islamfortoday.com/shia.html
3. Birge, John Kingsley, The Bektashi Order of Dervishes, London, 1937.

50

ZzwK© mvs¯‹…wZK dD‡Ûkb, ms¯‹…wZwelqK gš¿Yvjq, Zzi毋|

22

4. Doja, Albert. Confraternal Religion: From Liberation Theology To Political
Reversal, University OF Limerick, History AND Anthropology, 2003 Vol. 14
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5. E.J. BRILL, The Encyclopedia of Islam, V-1, Leiden, 1979, Netherland.
6. Encyclopædia Britannica. ―Bektashi, 2010. http://search.eb.com/eb/article9015166
7. nvwjg, †gvt Avãyj. gymwjg `k©b: †PZbv I cÖevn, 1998, evsjv GKv‡Wwg, XvKv|
8. Irene Melikoff, Hadji Bektach : UN Mythe Et Ses Avatars : Genese Et
Evolution Du Soufisme Populaire En Turquie (Islamic History and Civilization.
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P:1-13
13. In
Your
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―The
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‖ 2 0 0 4 .Inc.
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2000–2010. http://varg mal.org !dan 1628

23

wk‡í Kíbv I mgMÖZv

†gvnv¤§` Aveyj Lv‡qi

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gvby‡li m„Rbkxj cÖqvmÑ wkíx Zuvi cÖwZfvi AmvaviY PvZz‡h© gvby‡li g‡b mZ¨, my›`i , Kj¨vY
†eva Ges †cÖiYv m„wó Ki‡e|fve , Abyf~wZ , iƒc, is , Zvj, jq ,MwZ I Q‡›` cÖKvwkZ nq
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24

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Kíbv RM‡Zi gvbyl| Zuv‡`i m„wó Db¥v`bvi m„wó | G n‡jv wkím„wó mg¦‡Ü Kíbvev`x‡`i g~j
aviYv| m½x‡Zi ÔK‡¤úvwRkbÕ welqwU wkíxi KíbviB ewn©cÖKvk Ges †kÖvZvI †h †m m½xZ
ï‡b Avb›` jvf K‡ib ZvI Kíbvi gva¨‡gB |iex›`ªbv_ G cÖm‡½ ivgvqY iPbvq evj¥xwK m¤^‡Ü
†mB Kíbvi cÖm½B G‡b‡Qb : ÔKwe.Ze g‡bvf’wg iv‡gi Rb¥¯’vb, A‡hva¨vi †P‡q mZ¨ †R‡bv|Õ
GB weï× Kíbvi RMrB wkíxi Kv‡Q m„wói Avfvm Av‡b|
1.4 wkí Kíbvi m„wóÑ cÖvPxb I ga¨hy‡M Ggb aviYv _vK‡jI Zv GLbKvi g‡Zv ¯úó wQj bv|
†cø‡Uv I A¨vwi÷Uj wkí‡K ÔAbyKiYÕ ej‡jI Zuviv wkí‡K c‡ivÿfv‡e m„Rbkxj Kíbvi cÖfve
e‡j g‡b K‡i‡Qb|Gwi÷Uj e‡j‡Qb , ÔKwei KvR bq hv N‡U‡Q Zv eY©bv Kiv wKšÍ hv NU‡Z
cv‡i Zv ejvÕ A_v©r wkí wbQK ev¯Í‡ei AbyKiY bq, Zv n‡e m¤¢ve¨ Av`k©vwqZ iƒc| Avi GB
Av`k©vwqZ iƒc †h Kíbvi Avkªqx n‡e †m K_v mn‡RB †evSv hvq|cÖm½µ‡g Gwi÷Uj BwZnvm
I Kve¨wk‡íi cv_©K¨ m¤ú‡K© ej‡Z wM‡q e‡j‡Qb : GKwU Avgv‡`i Rvbvq hv N‡U‡Q Ges
Ab¨wU hv NU‡Z cv‡i|Ôhv NU‡Z cv‡iÕÑ Gi g‡a¨ Kíbvi f~wgKv A‡bK †ekx|Av‡iKRb wMÖK
`vk©wbK wd‡jvm‡UªUvm whwb `„pZvi m‡½ wk‡í Kíbv‡K ¯^xK…wZ †`b Ges e‡jb AbyKiY Kíbv
A‡cÿv Av‡iv `ÿ KvwiMi| KviY AbyKiY iƒc †`q hv †`‡L‡Q Zvi wKšÍ Kíbv GwM‡q hvq hv
†`‡L wb Zvi w`‡K | Kv›U ,†kwjs wf‡Kv cÖgyL `vk©wbK Kíbv wb‡q K_v e‡j‡Qb |

1.5 Kíbvi ¯^iƒc‡K D`NvUb K‡i ZviB wfwˇZ whwb wkíZË¡ cÖwZôv K‡i‡Qb, whwb
cÖK…ZA‡_© LuvwU Kíbvev‡`i cÖeZ©K,wZwb BZvvwji †e‡b‡`‡Ëv †µv‡P| †µv‡P e‡jb :
Kíbve„wË eyw×wbi‡cÿ I ü`qv‡eMgy³ GKwU ¯^Zš¿e„wË ; †PZbvq iƒc wb‡q cÖwZfvZ
nIqv gv‡bB Kíbv | Kíbv Zuvi Kv‡Q g‡bi ˆPZb¨‡`‡k cÖZ¨qivwRi cÖKvk ev
iƒcvqY|mnR K‡i ej‡j ej‡Z nq , Kíbv n‡jv g‡bi GKwU mij cÖKvk hvi g‡a¨ fve
I fvebvi †Kvb weKíbv †bB Ñ †hb Avcbv AvcwbB M‡o IVv A‡bK¸‡jv Qwe|‡µv‡Pi
Kv‡Q Kíbv Ávbwe‡kl , g‡bi Ggb GKwU iƒc hv eû ˆewP‡Î¨i g‡a¨ HK¨ wb‡q
D™¢vwmZ| m½x‡Zi D`vni‡Y ejv hvq, wewfbœ aŸwb I myicÖZ¨q AvZ¥vi Mfxi †_‡K †Kvb
iƒc wb‡q hLb g‡bi ˆPZb¨ ¯Í‡i D™¢vwmZ nq ZLbB nq my‡ii m„wó | g‡b my‡ii D™¢eB
n‡jv my‡ii Kíbv |Kíbvi KvR g‡bi g‡a¨ my‡ii Qwe M‡o †Zvjv Ñ eyw× ev Av‡eM w`‡q
bq| Kíbv n‡jv weï× a¨vb , GB a¨v‡bi iƒcB m½xZ |

25

1.6 Kíbvev` wkíZ‡Ë¡ eo Avmb `Lj K‡i _vK‡jI eyw× ev A‡eM‡K wk‡í Lv‡Uv K‡i
†`Lvi Dcvq †bB|mv_©K wk‡í Avgiv eyw×i cÖKvk †`wL ,Av‡e‡Mi DrmviYI †`wL|
KweZvq Q›` wbg©v‡Y ,m½x‡Zi Zvb-Zvj wbg©v‡Y , Dcb¨v‡mi cwiPh©vq , ¯’vc‡Z¨I
wbg©vY‡KŠk‡j Kíbvi †P‡q MwY‡Zi Pzj‡Puov wnmve Av‡iv †ewk ¸iæ‡Z¡i `vwe iv‡L|
2.1 wk‡í mgMÖZv(Totality) n‡”Q mg¯Z w`K †_‡K c~Y©v½ GKwU wkí A_©vr GKwU
Av`k© wk‡í †h mg¯Z ¸Yvejx ev ˆewkó¨ _vKv cÖ‡qvRb Zvi me¸‡jvB H wk‡í we`¨gvb
|GKwU mv_©K wk‡íi Rb¨ cÖ_‡gB cÖ‡qvRb welq wbe©vPb | wkíx Kx ej‡Qb Ñ Zuvi welq
wK? wZwb wK †cÖ‡gi K_v ej‡Qb ? wec­ ei K_v ej‡Qb? weÁv‡bi ev Ae¶‡qi K_v
ej‡Qb? welq wbe©vP‡bi ci wØZxq cÖ‡qvRb : wZwb †Kgb K‡i ej‡Qb? GKRb mvwn‡Z¨i
mvaK , wZwb M‡`¨ wjL‡eb e‡j wVK K‡i‡Qb| wKš‘ M‡`¨iI A‡bK dg© | wZwb wK
†QvUM‡íi AvKv‡i bv Dcb¨v‡m ej‡eb? bvwK bvU‡Ki Avw½‡K wjL‡eb ? KweZviI Av‡Q
A‡bK dg©Ñ m‡bU, MxwZKve¨ BZ¨vw` | eûwea welq †hgb i‡q‡Q †Zgwb i‡q‡Q eûwea
Avw½K| wkímªóv‡K mv_©K wkím„wói Rb¨ welq I Avw½K Dfqw`KB we‡ePbv I g~j¨vqb
Ki‡Z nq|
2.2 welq I Avw½K BZ¨vw`i web¨vmI GK GK wk‡í GK GK iKg |aiv hvK gvwbK
e‡›`¨vcva¨v‡qi ÔcÙv b`xi gvwSÕ Dcb¨vmwU | GB Dcb¨vmwU‡Z(Totality) Av‡Q e‡j
mgv‡jvPKMY g‡b K‡ib| GB Dcb¨v‡m cÖPwjZ Av‡iv `kwU Dcb¨v‡mi g‡ZvB GKwU
Kvwnwb , wKQz PwiÎ Ges mgvRwPÎ Av‡Q | mgMÖZv G‡m‡Q Kvwnbx I Pwi‡Îi †gj e܇bi
ga¨ w`‡q | †jLK GKwU Rxeb‡ev‡ai K_v e‡j‡Qb, GKwU bZzb Rxeb I mgv‡Ri K_v
e‡j‡Qb, e‡j‡Qb gvbe Rxe‡bi AcÖwZ‡iva¨ -Aj•Nbxq Kvgbv-evmbvi K_v | Dcb¨v‡mi
fvlv ,msjvc, PwiÎ iƒcvqY me wKQz wg‡jB GKwU H‡K¨i m„wó K‡i‡Q |
Ugvm GKzBbvm (1226Ñ1274) wk‡í mgMÖZv cÖm‡½ ej‡Z wM‡q e‡jb: K. wkíwU n‡e
wbLyuZ| L. Dcv`vbmg~‡ni h_vh_ mgš^q bv NU‡j wkí bv›`wbK nq bv | Dcv`vbmg~‡ni
mvgÄm¨Zv GKzBbv‡mi Kv‡Q ¸iyZ¡c~Y© welq | M. cÖvÄjZv | wkí K…wÎg e‡j g‡b n‡j ev
Kómva¨ m„wó n‡j g‡b my›`i jv‡M bv |wkí n‡e ¯^Ztù’Z© |
2.3 GKwU ¸‡Yi Dcw¯’wZ _vK‡Z cv‡i - ¸YwU gyL¨ wKš‘ wkí mv_©KZvi Rb¨ h‡_ó bq |
A‡bKMy‡jv ¸‡Yi Dcw¯’wZ‡Z wkíwU wbwg©Z nq| Avevi A‡bK my›`i my›`i e¯‘ GKÎ
Ki‡jB wbwg©Z e¯‘ my›`i nq bv | Dcv`vbmg~‡ni cwigvY , e¨envi-we¯Z…wZ eûwea
wel‡qi Ici wbf©i K‡i mvgÄm¨Zv M‡o I‡V|‰eòe AvPvh© kªxi~c †Mv¯^vgxi GKwU Dw³
G cÖm‡½ D‡j­L Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i |Ôf‡er †mŠ›`h©g½vbvs mwbœ‡e‡k h‡_vwPZg&Õ|
2.4 cÖK…Z A‡_© wewfbœ Dcv`v‡bi ev A½mg~‡ni h_vh_ mwbœ‡ek bv n‡j wk‡í c~Y©v½Zv
Av‡m bv| Dcv`vbmg~n wb‡R‡`i AšZnxb iƒcvfv‡m †mŠ›`h©‡K aviY K‡i| D`vniY¯^iƒc
26

GKwU Mv‡bi K_v ejv hvq| GKwU Mvb‡K ZLbB m¤ú~Y© Mvb ejv hvq, hLb Mv‡bi
welqwUi m‡½ m½wZ †i‡L myi Kiv nq| my›`i welq Z_v evYxi m‡½ hw` my›`i myi
nq‡Zvev †kªvZvi ü`qMÖvnx n‡e| wKš‘ fvj fve I fv‡jv my‡ii Mvb hw` fv‡jv K‡Éi
†Kvb wkíx cwi‡ekb bv K‡ib Z‡e Zv my›`i n‡e bv | Avevi fv‡jv Mvq‡KiI we‡kl
wKQz †KŠkj Av‡Q - hv Mvb‡K wfbœ gvÎv †`q | GKwU Mvb `yRb wkíxi MvIqvq `yiKg nq
| GB wfbœZvi KviY wkíxi MvqKx wkíxi myicÖ‡¶cY(throwing) | †QvU †QvU PvZzh©c~Y©
gxo ,MgK ,kªwy Zi Dc¯’vcb ev welq-myi Abymv‡i MvbwU‡K my›`i Kivi wbR¯^
¸Yvejx|Gme †QvU †QvU KvR wkí‡K bv›`wbK K‡i-¯^vZš¿¨ `vb K‡i|
2.5 †h wk‡í evûj¨ _v‡K †m wkí‡K cwÛZMY `total art’ ej‡Z bvivR | mv_©K wk‡í
A‡bK Dcv`vbB _vK‡e wKš‘Dcv`vb¸‡jv n‡Z n‡e cwigvYg‡Zv| AwZwi³ ev fvwi
Aj¼vi †m‰›`h© evovq bv eis Zv wk‡íi †mŠ›`h©nvwb NUvq | cwiwgwZ‡eva wkíxi Rb¨
Acwinvh¨©| cwiwgwZ wkí‡K Mv¤¢xh© `vb K‡i |
2.6 †m›U AMvw÷b (1227Ñ1274) wk‡í HK¨ , mgZv I k„•LjZv‡K mwe‡kl ¸iyZ¡ †`b
| ZvRgnj GKwU c~Y©v½ ¯’vcZ¨wk‡íi wb`k©b |ZvRgn‡ji MVb‰kjx , Dcv`vbmg~‡ni
k„sLjv, Aj¼v‡ii wbLyuZ cÖ‡qvM mewKQz wg‡jB ZvRgnj‡K mgMÖZv w`‡q‡Q |fviZxq
cwÛZMY cÖvPxbKvj †_‡KB mv_©K wk‡í mZ¨ I Kj¨v‡Yi Acwinvh© Dcw¯’wZ cÖZ¨vkv
K‡i‡Qb| cvðvZ¨ wkíiwmKMYI evi evi e‡j‡Qb, GKwU fv‡jv wkí gvby‡li AvZ¥v‡K
DbœZ Ki‡e Ñ gvby‡li bxwZ I Av`‡k©i †eva‡K kvwYZ Ki‡e | Avi Aek¨B DrK…ó wkí
ev¯ZeZv‡K wfwË K‡i gvbyl‡K Avb›` †`‡e | GKwU m¤ú~Y© wkí eve evi †`‡LI mva
†g‡U bv | GKwU Mvb Avgiv evi evi ïwb ,GKwU bvUK ev wm‡bgv evi evi †`wL |Zvi
KviY H wk‡í wPišZbZv Av‡Q Ñ gvbe ü`‡qi wPiKv‡ji †LvivK Av‡Q |
2.7 wk‡íi mgMÖZv †Kv_vq Ñ †kl K_v †eva nq Kv‡iv c‡¶B ejv m¤¢e bq | G
A‡bKUv igYx †`‡ni jve‡Y¨i gZ me©e¨vß Ñ hvi eY©bv w`‡jI A‡bKvskB †_‡K hvq
eY©bvZxZ |

evsjv Dcb¨v‡m cuwP‡k gvP©
my`xß Aqb nvbœvb
Dwbk kÕ evqvbœi fvlv Av‡›`vj‡bi ga¨ w`‡q evOvwji ¯^iƒc †PZbv cÖLi n‡q DVwQ‡jv| GB
¯^iƒc †PZbvB evOvwj‡K DØy× K‡i‡Q cvwK¯Ívb iv‡óªi cxob †kvlY I eÂbvi weiy‡× GK
kw³kvjx ivR‰bwZK hy‡× AeZxY© n‡Z| `yB `k‡Ki ivR‰bwZK hy× †k‡lÕ 71 Gi cuwP‡k
27

gv‡P©i MYnZ¨v evOvwj‡K eva¨ K‡iwQ‡jv Aw¯Í‡Z¡i GK msMÖv‡g, gyw³hy‡×| cvwK¯Ívbx mvgwiK
evwnbx †h ee©i nZ¨vhÁ Pvwj‡qwQ‡jv wbi¯¿ evOvwji Dci gyw³hy‡×i ïiy‡Z 25†k gv‡P©i
ÔKvjiv‡ZÕ Zuvi Zzjbv c„w_exi †Kv‡bv gyw³hy‡×i BwZnv‡m †bB| gyw³hy‡×i cÖ¯ËwZ
cÖvwZôvwbKfv‡e bv _vK‡jI evsjvi gvbyl Ges Zv‡`i †bZ…Z¡ wKQyUv n‡jI eyS‡Z †c‡iwQ‡jv
mk¯¿ msMÖvg Qvov AwaKvi Av`vq m¤¢e n‡e bv| ZvB gv‡P©i cÖ_g †_‡K evsjv‡`k QvÎ
BDwbq‡bi Kg©x‡`i A¯¿ cÖwkÿY wb‡Z †`Lv †M‡Q| 25 ZvwiL Bqvwnqvi †eZvi e³…Zv †`Iqvi
K_v wQ‡jv, wKš‘ mnRvZ PµvšÍKvix cvwK¯Ívbx †mbvkvmK †mB iv‡ZB AZwK©‡Z AvµgY K‡i
evsjv‡K| mK‡jB hLb †cÖwm‡W‡›Ui fvl‡Yi Rb¨ D`MÖxe ZLwb Lei cvIqv †Mj Bqvwnqv
†mbvevwnbx‡K kni `L‡ji Av‡`k w`‡q‡Qb| evsjvi AvKvk evZvm, c_- cÖvšÍi, gvVNvU,‡`vKvb e¨emv cÖwZôvb, ®‹zj- K‡jR, gnjvq gnjvq, evwo‡Z evwo‡Z †m w`b †b‡g
G‡mwQ‡jv `ywe©ln wefxwlKvgq Rxeb| †mB `„k¨cU evsjv Dcb¨v‡m KL‡bv I‡V G‡m‡Q ûeû
cÖwZ”Qwe wn‡m‡e, KL‡bv Kvwnbxi avivevwnKZvq LÛ LÛ wPÎ wn‡m‡e|
QvweŸ‡k gvP© Ges ZrcieZ©x w`bmg~‡ni †h wPÎ Zv Av‡bvqvi cvkvi ÔivB‡dj †ivwU AvIivZÕ,
iv‡eqv LvZz‡bi Ô‡divix m~h©;, kIKZ Avjxi ÔhvÎvÕ, ikx` nvq`v‡ii ÔLuvPvqÕ, AvgRv`
†nv‡m‡bi Ôhy× hvÎvi ivwÎÕ Dcb¨vmmg~‡n †ek ¯^”QZvq dz‡U I‡V‡Q| Gme Dcb¨v‡m gyw³hy‡×i
cÖvK&Kv‡ji bMi Rxe‡bi fqvenZv; gvby‡li wbKU me‡P‡q wcÖq †h Rxeb †mB Rxe‡bi wbwe©Pvi
mgvwß Ges m¤¢ve¨ g„Zz¨i fqvenZvq Kvd©y Ges cvK‡mbv †ewóZ GK cÖKvi e›`x Rxeb, Zvi GK
DrKU wPÎ i‡q‡Q|
1947 Gi 14 B AvM÷ cvwK¯Ívb bvgK †h iv‡óªwUi m~Pbv n‡qwQ‡jv †mLv‡b `yB wfbœ ms¯‹…wZRvZxqZv Ges m¤ú~Y© `yB †fŠ‡MvwjK Ae¯’vb‡K GK K‡i ivóªxq KvVv‡gv‡Z wb‡q Avmv
n‡qwQ‡jv| evOvwj `yB hyM cvwK¯Ívbx kvmb †kvl‡Y wb‡®úwlZ n‡qwQ‡jv| mËi Gi wbe©vPb
evOvwj‡K cy‡iv cvwK¯Ív‡bi kvmb ÿgZv jv‡fi AwaKvi w`‡jI KzPµx cvwK¯Ívbx mvgwiK kvmK
m¤cÖv`vq Zv †g‡b wb‡Z cv‡i wb| eis Zviv evOvwj‡K wPiZ‡i ¯Íä K‡i †`qvi cwiKíbv
wn‡m‡e bxjbKkv †gvZv‡eK G‡Ki ci GK ˆeVK Ki‡Z _v‡K Ges Bmjvgvev`, KivwP †_‡K
A¯¿ I ˆmb¨ G‡b XvKvmn evsjv‡`‡ki cÖavb kni¸‡jv‡Z wb‡qvwRZ K‡i| Ae‡k‡l 25†k
gv‡P©i ÔKvjiv‡ZÕ c~e© cwiKíbv Abyhvqx wbixn RbZvi Dci AZwK©‡Z AvµgY K‡i| 25†k
gv‡P©i iv‡Z mvivivZ wbwe©Pvi MYnZ¨v NwU‡q 26 ZvwiL Kvd©y w`‡q cy‡iv bMievmx‡K Aeiy× K‡i
iv‡L Ges 26 †k gv‡P©i iv‡Z Avevi nZ¨vh‡Á †g‡Z I‡V| Ò‡m wK gvÎ `y†Uv ivZ | `y†Uv hyM
†hbÓ wQ‡jv bMievmxi wbKU| bMievmx ey‡S wb‡qwQ‡jv †mB `yB ivZ wQ‡jv ÒcvwK¯Ívbx `yB
hy‡Mi mvigg©Ó|
cvwK¯Ívwb `yB hy‡Mi kvm‡bi d‡j evOvwji g‡b †h †ÿv‡fi mÂvi n‡qwQ‡jv Zv‡K e›`y‡Ki bj
w`‡q `gb Kivi cÖšZzwZ cvwK¯Ívwb kvmKiv cy‡iv gvP© Ry‡oB wb‡qwQ‡jv| gv‡P©i cuwPk ZvwiL
Bqvwnqv Lvb Avµg‡Yi wb‡`©k w`‡q cwðg cvwK¯Ívb P‡j hvq| iv‡ZB we‡kl we‡kl GjvKvq
cvK ‡mbvevwnbx Suvwc‡q c‡o| N‡i N‡i Xy‡K ev½vwj‡K gv‡i| †Kv_vI g„Z‡`n¸‡jv †i‡L †M‡Q
28

KL‡bv g„Z‡`n mwi‡q wb‡q †M‡Q| mwi‡q †bqv jvk GK RvqMvq R‡ov K‡i gvwU Pvcv w`‡q‡Q|
we‡kl we‡kl GjvKv Av¸b R¡vwj‡q cywo‡q w`‡q‡Q , wek¦we`¨vjq GjvKvi BKevj n‡ji cÖ‡fv÷
Awd‡mi mvg‡b †m Av¸b QvweŸk ZvwiL mKvj GMv‡ivUv ch©šÍ R¡‡j‡Q| cuwP‡ki iv‡Z Pvicv‡k
ïay Av¸‡bi dzjwK †`Lv †M‡Q| †auvqv Av¸‡b †gjv‡gwk PZzw`©K| evRvi cy‡o †kl| Av¸b
cuwP‡ki iv‡ZB AvIjv` †nv‡mb †j‡bi †`vKvb¸‡jv‡K f®§xf~Z K‡i †d‡j‡Q| GB Ae¯’vq
evB‡i †ei n‡j ¸wj †L‡q gi‡Z n‡e, †fZ‡i _vK‡j Av¸‡b cy‡o givi fq- Ggwb wQ‡jv
cuwP‡ki †mB ivZ| mviv iv‡Zi AvµgY †k‡l mg¯Í XvKv kni †Kgb †hb n‡q hvq|
†KvjvnjgyLi bvMwiK Rxe‡b †b‡g Av‡m †Kgb GK AwePj wb¯ÍäZv| cÖ‡Z¨K evwoi N‡ii
`iRv- Rvbvjv eÜ| †Kv‡bv mvovkã †bB| a~ a~ Rbk~Y¨ iv¯ÍvNvU| XvKv kn‡ii hyeK, QvÎ I
ivR‰bwZK Kg©x †¯^”Qv‡meKiv cvwb¯Ívwb‡`i hy× cÖ¯ZzwZ wel‡q †KD †KD wKQyUv Abygvb Ki‡Z
nq‡Zv †c‡iwQ‡jv, wKš‘ cuwP‡ki iv‡Z Ges ZrieZ©x w`b `y‡q‡Ki fqvenZvi KvQvKvwQ aviYvq
Zviv †cuŠQ‡Z cv‡i wb| d‡j AwaKvsk mvaviY gvby‡li †fZiUv f‡q wng n‡q wM‡qwQ‡jv,
AvZ‡¼i Qvqv c‡owQ‡jv †Pv‡L- gy‡L|
wbe©vwPZ RbcÖwZwbwai nv‡Z ÿgZv wdwi‡q w`‡Z n‡j cvwK¯Ív‡bi kvmb ÿgZv e½eÜz †kL
gywReyi ingv‡bi nv‡Z Zz‡j bv †`Iqvi weKí Bqvwnqvi nv‡Z wQ‡jv bv| KviY e½eÜz ZLb
cvwK¯Ív‡bi mvaviY wbe©vP‡b msL¨vMwiô Avm‡b weRqx| A_P weRqx †bZvi nv‡Z cvwK¯Ív‡bi
kvmbfvi wdwi‡q bv w`‡q Bqvwnqv cvwK¯Ív‡bi mvgwiK Awdmvi‡`i m‡½ Av‡jvPbv K‡iB P~ovšÍ
wm×všÍ wb‡qwQ‡jv| cuwP‡ki iv‡Z †hfv‡e cvK †mbvevwnbx Suvwc‡q c‡owQ‡jv wbi¯¿ evOvwji
Ici Zv‡Z eySv hvq cvwK¯Ívwb †PZbvi evB‡ii Ges wkwÿZ I evOvwj RvZxqZvev‡`i aviK me
eyw×Rxex, QvÎ hyeK m‡e©vcwi evsjv‡K Rbk~Y¨ Kivi cwiKíbv wb‡qwQ‡jv| Zviv nvm‡Z nvm‡Z
evOvwj‡K jvBb a‡i `uvo Kwi‡q‡Q, nvm‡Z nvm‡Z mevB‡K ¸wj K‡i‡Q| iv¯Ív- NvU cvov- gnjv
GLv‡b †mLv‡b AMwYZ jvk †`Lv‡bv D‡Ïk¨ Zv‡`i wQ‡jv bv, D‡Ïk¨ wQ‡jv m¤¢ve¨ cvwK¯Ívb
we‡ivax‡`i wbwðý Kiv| ZvB cuwP‡ki c‡ii w`‡b Kvd©y w`‡q XvKv‡K Aeiy× K‡i ivLv
n‡qwQ‡jv, hv‡Z c‡ii w`b Zv‡`i wPwýZ GjvKvq, evwo‡Z Avevi AvµgY K‡i evOvwj wba‡b
†g‡Z IVv hvq| iv¯Ívq iv¯Ívq wQ‡jv †mbv †evSvB Mvwo, Unj w`w”Qj ivB‡dj ZvK K‡i| Ggb
Ae¯’vq evOvwj iv¯Ívq †ei n‡Z mvnm cvq wb, iv¯Ívi cv‡kB hv‡`i evwo, DrKÉvq iƒ× n‡q
G‡m‡Q Zv‡`i wbtk¦vm| Rxeb Pvjbv nVvr _g‡K †M‡Q, _g‡K †M‡Q gvby‡li Rxeb hvÎv|
mËi Gi wbe©vP‡b evOvwji wecyj weR‡qB wba©vwiZ n‡q wM‡qwQ‡jv evOvwj Avi c`vbZ n‡q
_vK‡e bv| Zvici GKvˇii gv‡P©i DËvj w`b¸‡jv‡Z Av‡iv Zv‡ci mÂvvi nq e½eÜzi 7B
gv‡P©i fvl‡Yi ci| KcU, cÖZviK Ges wg‡_¨ev`x cvwK¯Ívwb‡`i Ici †_‡K evOvwji wek¦vm
I‡V wM‡qwQ‡jv| ZvB Av‡jvPbvi bv‡g mgq KvUv‡bvi duv‡KB evOvwj A‡bK RvqMvq
gyw³msMÖv‡gi Rb¨ cÖšÍZ nw”Q‡jv| XvKv kn‡ii cvovq cvovq A‡bK KwgwU MVb n‡qwQ‡jv
m¤¢ve¨ cwiw¯’wZ †gv‡Kevjvi Rb¨| A¯¿ cÖwkÿ‡Yi welqwUI XvKv kn‡i n‡q‡Q| evOvwj †hb
eyS‡ZB †c‡iwQ‡jv mk¯¿ msMÖvg Awbevh© n‡q c‡o‡Q| ZvB mk¯¿ msMÖv‡gi wPšÍv gv_vq †i‡L
XvKv kn‡ii QvÎ- hye‡bZviv Zv‡`i cÖv_vwgK cÖ¯ËwZ wel‡q m‡PZb n‡qwQ‡jv| evOvwj gyw³
msMÖv‡gi Rb¨ †hfv‡e cÖ¯ËZ wQ‡jv, gyw³hy‡×i Dcb¨vmmg~‡n Zv †Zgb D¾¡jZvq cÖKvk bv
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†c‡jI cuwP‡k gv‡P©i Avµg‡Yi ci evOvwji cÖwZ‡iva wPÎ Dcb¨vmmg~‡n wewÿßfv‡e n‡jI
A‡bKUv ev¯ÍeZvi wbwi‡LB we‡kwlZ n‡q‡Q| ÔcÖwZ‡iva wP‡ÎiÕ bvbv w`K Avgiv cvB ÔivB‡dj
†ivwU AvIivZÕ, Ô‡divix m~h©Õ, ÔhvÎvÕ, cvwK¯Ívbx †mbvevwnbx c~e© cwiKwíZfv‡e cuwP‡k gv‡P©i
iv‡Z evOvwji Dci Suvwc‡q c‡o| e½eÜzi m‡½ Bqvwnqvi Av‡jvPbv eÜ n‡q hvIqvq evOvwji
g‡b mk¯¿ msMÖvg I m¤¢ve¨ cÖ‡iv‡ai wPšÍvi welqwU cÖvavb¨ cvq| QvÎ, hyeK I cvovq cvovq
†hme fjvw›Uqvi wQ‡jv Zviv kni GjvKvq cÖ‡ek gy‡L, iv¯Ívq m„wó K‡i e¨vwi‡KW| e‡ov e‡ov
MvQ †K‡U iv¯Ívq cÖwZeÜKZv m„wó Kiv nq| wKš‘ iv‡Zi fqven nvgjvq ivRvievM cywjk jvBb,
wek¦we`¨vjq GjvKv, kn‡ii we‡kl we‡kl RbemwZ, evRvimn evsjv‡`‡ki A‡bK ¯’v‡bI GK
Îv‡mi ivRZ¡ Kv‡qg K‡i cvK kvmK I †mbvevwnbx| Zviv AZwK©‡Z, fqven I wbg©g nvgjv
Pvwj‡q evOvwj‡K ¯Íä K‡i w`‡Z †P‡qwQ‡jv| wKš‘ evsjvi `~išÍ hyemgvR, †`k†cÖwgK cywjk,
†mbvevwnbx, I Avbmvi Gi m`m¨iv †h cªv_wgK cÖwZ‡iva M‡o Zz‡jwQ‡jv Zv‡Z cvwK¯Ívbx‡`i
¯^cœ c~iY n‡Z cv‡iwb| ax‡i ax‡i mgMÖ evsjvq cÖwZ‡iva M‡o Zzj‡jv evOvwjiv| ivRvievM
cywjk jvBb cÖ_g iv‡ZB AvµgY Kiv n‡qwQ‡jv| †eu‡P hvIqv cywjk m`m¨ Zvi m½x‡`i g„Zz¨i
I gv- †evb‡`i B¾‡Zi e`jv †bqvi Rb¨ `„ß kc‡_ ewjqvb n‡q I‡V| `„pZvq e‡j : Avgv‡`i
KZ eÜz‡K Iiv †g‡i †djj, gv- †ev‡bi B¾Z wbj- Avgiv Zvi †kva †be bv? †Lv`vi Kmg,
Avgvi gv‡qi Kmg, Avgvi i‡³i Kmg Avgiv Gi †kva †beB †be|
†h RvwZ ¯^vaxbZvi Rb¨, gyw³i Rb¨, AKvZ‡i Rxeb w`‡Z Rv‡b †m RvwZ‡K †ewkw`b
civaxbZvi k„•L‡j Ave× ivLv hvq bv Ñ †gŠj mZ¨ evOvwj wek¦vm Ki‡Zv wb‡Ri Aw¯Í‡Z¡i
g‡ZvB| d‡j cvwK¯Ívwb †mbvkvmK Bqvwnqv evOvwji Ici Zvi mk¯¿ ˆmb¨evwnbx‡K †jwj‡q
w`‡j evsjvi Avcvgi RbMb wmØvšÍ wb‡Z †`ix K‡i wb| N‡i N‡i †Xv‡K †mbvevwnbx †hfv‡e
evOvwj‡K nZ¨v Kiv ïiy K‡iwQ‡jv- †m Ae¯’vq evOvwj ey‡S wb‡qwQ‡jv webv cÖwZ‡iv‡a givi †P‡q
`yÕ GKUv‡K †g‡i giv fv‡jv- GB †eva †_‡KB evOvwj GK Amg cÖwZ‡iva M†o †Zv‡j cÖ_g
w`‡K| wb‡Ri kixiB wQ‡jv Zv‡`i Xvj; nv‡Z nq‡Zv †Kv‡bv †`kxq A¯¿- jvwV ev cyiv‡bv
ivB‡dj, e›`yK| wKš‘ me‡P‡q eo A¯¿ wQ‡jv AKvZ‡i gi‡Z cvivi `ytmvnm| gi‡Z hvIqvi
B”QvB wQ‡jv Ab¨Zg cÖwZ‡iva A¯¿| evOvwj gi‡Z gi‡Z mviv evsjvq GK AcÖwZ‡iva¨ cÖwZ‡iva
M‡o †Zv‡j| N‡ii g‡a¨ givi †P‡q GLv‡b `uvwo‡q `yÕ GKUv †g‡i giv fv‡jv| †m Rb¨ bvgnxb
AMwYZ gyw³‡hv×v Ni ‡_‡K iv¯Ívq †ei n‡q G‡mwQ‡jv|
Ô‡divix m~h©Õ Dcb¨v‡m, †Uª‡bi jvBi D‡ë †djvi welqwU Av‡Q| ïa~ jvBb D‡ë †djvi welq
bq, ewMI wPr K‡i †Uªb jvB‡b †i‡L †`Iqvi wPÎ cvIqv hvq|
AvµvšÍ GjvKv Ges m¤¢ve¨ AvµvšÍ GjvKv †_‡K gvbyl wbivcËvi Rb¨ GK GjvKv †_‡K Ab¨
GjvKvq P‡j hvw”Q‡jv| we‡kl K‡i gvbyl m`i iv¯Ív ev m`i GjvKv¸‡jv †_‡K †fZ‡ii w`‡Ki
GjvKv¸‡jv‡Z cwievi cwiRb wb‡q P‡j hvIqv †kªq g‡b K‡i‡Q| KviY †mbvevwnbx cÖv_wgK
Ae¯’vq _vbv m`i ev †Rjv m`‡i wQ‡jv| Aek¨ cÖvq GjvKvi hye mgvR hviv ivRvKvi `vjvj
evwnbxi m`m¨ nq wb Zviv evwo Ni †Q‡o fviZ Awfgy‡L Qy‡UwQ‡jv| †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv we‡kl e¨w³
wb‡Ri Rxeb mskqvcbœ †f‡e wbivcËvi Rb¨ mxgv‡šÍi w`‡K hvÎv K‡i‡Q| KL‡bv †`Lv †M‡Q
hyewZ †g‡q‡KB wbivc` GjvKvq †cŠ‡Q w`‡q‡Q| ÔhvÎvÕ Dcb¨v‡m Aa¨vcK ivqnvb cwievimn
XvKv kni †_‡K †ei n‡q G‡m‡Q AwbwðZ MšZ‡e¨| Rxe‡bi gvqv, †Kej Rxeb iÿvi Rb¨
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gvbyl ÔhvÎvÕ Dcb¨v‡m kni †Q‡o wbivc` Avkª‡qi mÜv‡b †ei n‡q‡Q| ÔÔ‡cQ‡b ZvKvq bv
†KD| A_P †cQ‡b wcjwcj K‡i gvbyl †b‡g Avm‡Q b`xi Nv‡U|ÕÕ †cQ‡b ZvKv‡bvi mgq †bB
hvÎx`‡ji Kv‡iviB| meviB D‡Ïk¨ wbivc` Avkªq| †hb `~‡i, MÖv‡gi †fZ‡i †h‡Z cvi‡j
Rxeb euvPv‡Z cvi‡e| GK GKRb hvÎx GK GKwU GjvKv †_‡K G‡m‡Q, †bŠKvq D‡V‡Q Zvici
Avevi cv‡q †nu‡U hvÎv K‡i‡Q , †hb GKwU cwievi| kIKZ Avjx eY©bv K‡i‡Qb Gfv‡e :
ÔÔmevB GK m‡½ nuv‡U Zvici, jxjv, gÄy, mvwKbv, nvmvb ev”Pviv, weby, ivqnvb †hb GKwU
cwievi|ÕÕ ÔhvÎvÕ Dcb¨v‡m evOvwji hy× ev¯ÍeZvi GB kiYv_©x wPÎ wewPÎ iƒ‡c Dc¯’vwcZ
n‡q‡Q| kiYv_©x‡`i †fZi GK mšÍvb- m¤¢ev iv¯ÍvqB mšÍvb cÖme K‡i| †jvKRb iv¯Ívi
Pvicv‡k Kvco Avi weQvbvi Puv`i a‡i c`©v UvwO‡q mšÍvb cÖm‡ei e¨ve¯’ K‡i‡Q| jxjv bv‡gi
†g‡qwU, †h MÖv‡gi evwo hv‡e e‡j c‡_ cv evwo‡q‡Q †mI GKwU Avkªq †K‡›`ª G‡m AvU‡K
Av‡Q| A_P †mB Avkªq †K›`ª GjvKvwUI nq‡Zv †ewkw`b wbivc` _vK‡e bv GB f‡q †_‡K‡Q|

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